劉林超, 陳磊磊, 閆啟方
(信陽師范學院 建筑與土木工程學院,河南 信陽 464000)
飽和土中部分土塞部分外露管樁的水平動力阻抗
劉林超, 陳磊磊, 閆啟方
(信陽師范學院 建筑與土木工程學院,河南 信陽 464000)
為了考慮管樁的部分土塞效應,將管樁劃分為土塞部分和未考慮土塞部分,同時考慮外露部分管樁的影響,建立了部分土塞部分外露管樁的水平振動模型。在忽略管樁縱向位移的情況下,將樁周飽和土視為由無窮多帶一圓孔的薄土層組成,而樁芯土視為由無窮多圓形薄土層組成,運用數學物理手段求得了樁周飽和土和樁芯飽和土對管樁的水平動力作用,在此基礎上,借助初參數法和矩陣傳遞法求解了飽和土中部分土塞部分外露管樁的水平振動,得到了管樁的水平動力阻抗。通過數值分析可知,管樁壁厚、管樁各段長度、管樁長徑比、管樁與樁周飽和土模量比對飽和土中部分土塞部分外露管樁的水平振動有較大的影響,且管樁壁厚的影響與頻率有關;研究管樁水平動力阻抗時土塞效應不應被忽略。
土塞效應;飽和土;管樁;水平振動;水平動力阻抗
由于樁基通常要承受水平、豎向、扭轉等動態激勵的作用,所以有關樁基振動特性的研究得到了一定的重視[1-7],這些研究要么是將樁周土視為單相介質,要么是將樁基視為實芯桿件,這些模型的簡化使得模型與實際工程有一定的差距。隨著管樁技術的發展和應用,管樁在建筑基礎、橋梁基礎、高鐵基礎等眾多領域得到了應用,近年來,針對管樁動態特性的研究越來越受到眾多學者的關注,以飽和土中管樁的振動特性為研究對象,應躍龍等[8]在考慮質量耦合效應的情況下研究了飽和黏彈性地基土中管樁的豎向振動;鄭長杰等[9]對飽和土地基中現澆大直徑管樁的水平振動做了研究;劉林超等[10-11]基于多孔介質理論研究了飽和土中單樁的水平和縱向振動;靳建明等[12]基于Biot提出的飽和多孔介質的波動方程,研究了均質各向同性飽和土中端承管樁的扭轉振動問題。由于實際工程施工中,管樁在成樁的過程中,管樁內會形成一定高度的土塞,且管樁的直徑越大,管樁內土塞高度就越大,但土塞高度并不是完全充滿管樁。針對管樁的土塞效應,吳文兵等[13]基于附加質量法,研究了考慮土塞效應時成層地基中管樁的縱向振動問題。本文將基于多孔介質理論,在考慮土塞效應的情況下研究飽和土中部分土塞部分外露管樁的水平振動問題。
由于實際工程中樁芯土并不是完全充滿,這里研究圖1所示的飽和土中部分土塞部分外露端承管樁的水平簡諧振動問題,樁底為基巖。部分土塞部分外露管樁在樁頂水平簡諧荷載P(t)=P0eiωt的作用下作簡諧振動,動荷載頻率為ω,i是虛數單位。土塞深度(即樁芯部分土深度)為L1,飽和土層地表面到土塞頂面距離為L2,管樁外露部分長度為L3,樁身總長為L,且L=L1+L2+L3。

圖1 飽和土中部分土塞部分外露管樁的水平振動模型Fig.1 Horizontal dynamic model of part soil plug part exposed pipe pile in saturated soil
將樁周土和樁芯土視為飽和兩相介質,為了方便求解,將樁周飽和土視為由無窮多帶一半徑為rI圓孔的薄土層組成,而樁芯土視為由無窮多圓形薄土層組成,各土層之間相互獨立,忽略樁周飽和土和樁芯飽和土的豎向位移,僅考慮飽和土的徑向位移和環向位移,同時徑向位移和環向位移與z無關。由多孔介質理論[14-15]可知樁周飽和土和樁芯飽和土的控制方程為

(1)

(2)
(3)
(4)

(5)


(6)
(7)
進行解耦可得無量綱化后的樁周飽和土和樁芯飽和土的控制方程分別為
(8)
(9)

考慮樁周飽和土徑向位移和環向位移的奇偶性,以及樁周飽和土無窮遠處位移為零的邊界條件,求解式(8)可得樁周飽和土的徑向位移、環向位移和孔隙水壓力分別為
(10)

(11)

(12)


(13)
(14)

(15)



設樁周飽和土和樁芯飽和土與管樁交界面處不透水,則有如下邊界條件

(16)
由式(12)和式(15)可得
AO3=aO6AO2,AI3=aI6AI2
(17)


將管樁與飽和土的動力相互作用利用Winkler彈簧-阻尼器模型來描述,為此需先求出相應的剛度系數和阻尼系數。當管樁產生單位水平位移時,樁周飽和土和樁芯飽和土對管樁的水平作用即為管樁-飽和土動力相互作用阻抗。當管樁產生單位水平位移時,管樁與樁周飽和土和樁芯飽和土接觸面處的位移邊界條件為
(18)
由樁周飽和土和樁芯飽和土的徑向位移和環向位移得

(20)

(21)
(22)
由式(19)~式(22)可求得待定系數AO1、AO2、AI1、AI2分別為
AO1=
(23)
AO2=
(24)

(25)

(26)


由此可以完全確定樁周飽和土和樁芯飽和土的徑向位移和環向位移,在徑向位移和環向位移的基礎上根據飽和土固相土骨架的本構關系可得到樁周和樁芯飽和土的徑向應力和環向應力,并可以求出單位厚度樁周飽和土和樁芯飽和土對管樁的水平作用力分別為
(27)
(28)

對于L1段樁身,樁周飽和土和樁芯飽和土對管樁都有作用,此時樁周飽和土和樁芯飽和土對管樁的水平作用力為
(29)
對于L2段樁身,僅有樁周飽和土對管樁有作用,此時樁周飽和土對管樁的水平作用力為
(30)
式中:k1h、c1h、k2h、c2h分別為L1段和L2段管樁與飽和土動力相互作用的剛度系數和阻尼系數。而L3段樁身由于外露所以沒有飽和土的作用,即k3h=c3h=0。
對于圖1所示的飽和土中部分土塞部分外露管樁,考慮式(29)和式(30),可以建立無量綱化的飽和土中部分土塞部分外露管樁的水平振動控制方程為
(31)

(32)
式中,Uβp(0)、φβp(0)、Qβp(0)、Mβp(0)為第β段管樁樁底端的位移和內力,




(33)
其中,lβ=Lβ/L、Uβp(lβ)、φβp(lβ)、Qβp(lβ)、Mβp(lβ)為第β段管樁管樁樁底端的位移和內力
[T]β=
(34)
運用矩陣傳遞法,可以得到整個部分土塞部分外露管樁樁頂和樁底位移、轉角、剪力和彎矩的關系為
(35)
其中,
(36)
由于圖1所示的部分土塞部分外露管樁為端承管樁,且樁底與基巖完全固定,所以管樁樁底位移和轉角為零。根據管樁水平動力阻抗的定義可知,對于上部為剛性承臺的管樁,當樁頂約束轉角(轉角為零)時,產生單位水平位移時所需的剪力即為所求的管樁水平動力阻抗,由式(35)可得
(37)
由此可得部分土塞部分外露管樁樁頂的水平動力阻抗

(38)


圖2 管樁壁厚對水平動力阻抗的影響Fig.2 Influence of wall thickness on horizontal dynamic impedance of part soil plug part exposed pipe pile

圖3 管樁長徑比對水平動力阻抗的影響Fig.3 Influence of length to diameter ratio on horizontal dynamic impedance of part soil plug part exposed pipe pile

圖4 管樁各段長度對水平動力阻抗的影響Fig.4 Influence of length of each segment on horizontal dynamic impedance of part soil plug part exposed pipe pile

圖5 管樁樁身與樁周飽和土模量比對水平動力阻抗的影響Fig.5 Influence of modulus ratio between pipe pile and saturated soil around pile on horizontal dynamic impedance of part soil plug part exposed pipe pile

圖6 飽和土液固耦合系數對水平動力阻抗的影響Fig.6 Influence of liquid and solid coupling coefficient on horizontal dynamic impedance of part soil plug part exposed pipe pile
本文在多孔介質理論的基礎上,考慮部分土塞效應,運用初始參數法和矩陣傳遞法對飽和土中部分土塞部分外露管樁的水平振動進行了求解,并通過數值算例對水平動力阻抗進行了研究。主要得到以下主要結論:
(1)管樁壁厚對飽和土中部分土塞部分外露管樁水平動力阻抗的影響與頻率有一定的關系,低頻和高頻時的影響規律不太一樣。
(2)隨著管樁長徑比的增大,飽和土中部分土塞部分外露管樁水平動力阻抗的實部和虛部越小。
(3)各段長度對飽和土中部分土塞部分外露管樁水平動力阻抗實部的影響較大,土塞部分深度最大時水平動力阻抗要比其他情況大,土塞效應較為明顯。
(4)提高管樁樁身混凝土強度對提飽和土中部分土塞部分外露管樁的水平動力阻抗作用非常明顯。
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Horizontaldynamicimpedanceofpartsoilpartexposedpipepileinsaturatedsoil
LIULinchao,CHENLeilei,YANQifang
(SchoolofAchitectureandCivilEngineering,XinyangNormalUniversity,Xinyang464000,China)
In order to consider soil plugging effect of pipe piles, a pipe pile is divided into soil-plug part and non-soil-plug part, the horizontal vibration model for the soil-plug part exposed pipe pile was established considering the effect of the exposed part of the pipe pile. In the case of ignoring the longitudinal displacement of the pipe pile, saturated soil around the pile was regarded as composed by infinite thin soil layers with a round hole, and the pile inner saturated soil was regarded as composed by infinite circular thin soil layers, and the horizontal dynamic forces of saturated soil around the pile and pile inner saturated soil on the pipe pile were obtained by using mathematical and physics methods. Based on the initial parameter method and matrix transfer method, the horizontal vibration of soil plug part exposed pipe pile was solved, and the horizontal dynamic impedance of the pipe pile was also obtained. The numerical analysis shows that the wall thickness, length of each segment, length to diameter ratio, modulus ratio between the pipe pile and saturated soil around the pile have great effect on the lateral vibration of part soil plug part exposed pipe pile in saturated soil, and the influence of wall thickness of pipe pile is related to frequency; the soil plugging effect should not be neglected in studying the lateral dynamic impedance of pipe piles.
soil plugging effect; saturated soil; pipe pile; horizontal vibration; horizontal dynamic impedance
國家自然科學基金(U1504505);河南省科技發展計劃項目(1423 00410200);河南省高等學校青年骨干教師資助計劃項目(2013GGJS-121);河南省高等學校重點科研項目(15A560036);信陽師范學院南湖學者獎勵計劃青年項目(201606)
2016-06-27 修改稿收到日期: 2016-08-26
劉林超 男,博士,副教授,1979年生
TU435
A
10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2017.20.025