井窖式移栽下化肥配施有機(jī)肥對烤煙生長發(fā)育的影響

劉楊舟　吳尚校

摘要 在井窖式移栽模式下，研究不同化肥有機(jī)肥配施對烤煙生長發(fā)育的影響。結(jié)果表明，在井窖式移栽模式下，增施有機(jī)肥能夠促進(jìn)煙株生長發(fā)育，減輕病蟲害，提高產(chǎn)量和產(chǎn)值。綜合分析認(rèn)為，在井窖式移栽下以施化肥50%+有機(jī)肥50%效果最好，能夠改善煙葉農(nóng)藝性狀和增加煙農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。

關(guān)鍵詞 烤煙；井窖式移栽；化肥；有機(jī)肥；配施；生長發(fā)育

中圖分類號(hào) S572；S147.5 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1007-5739（2017）21-0025-02

Abstract Different fertilizer treatments were applied on flue-cured tobacco to study the effects of combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizers on the growth and development of flue-cured tobaccos under well-cellar transplanting .The results showed that organic fertilizer could promote the growth，strengthen disease resistance，increase output and output value under well-cellar transplanting.In summary，the best condition was 50% organic and 50% chemical fertilizer under well-cellar transplanting，it could improve the agronomic characters and increase the benefits of tobacco farmers.

Key words flue-cured tobacco；well-cellar transplanting；chemical fertilizer；organic fertilizer；combined application；growth and development

隨著煙民對健康的重視，煙葉生產(chǎn)由注重產(chǎn)量向品質(zhì)過渡，以生產(chǎn)出生態(tài)煙葉和有機(jī)煙[1]。煙葉的產(chǎn)量、質(zhì)量受到品種、土壤、烘烤等因素影響，其中施肥是影響煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵因素[2]。化肥的施用初期對烤煙的產(chǎn)質(zhì)量有極大的提高，但過度施用易導(dǎo)致土壤板結(jié)、肥力下降、病蟲害嚴(yán)重，這已經(jīng)成為影響煙葉質(zhì)量的重要限制因素[3-4]。有機(jī)肥的施用可以提高烤煙的產(chǎn)量，減少病害，改善煙葉外觀質(zhì)量和內(nèi)在品質(zhì)，提高煙葉上中等煙比例和工業(yè)可用性，增加煙農(nóng)收益，滿足企業(yè)對煙葉的需求[5-8]。烤煙井窖式移栽技術(shù)與常規(guī)移栽相比，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)烤煙生產(chǎn)的“減工降本、提質(zhì)增效”，已經(jīng)在全國大面積推廣[9-11]。烤煙井窖式移栽技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢要充分發(fā)揮，需要與之相適應(yīng)的配套措施來支撐。目前，關(guān)于井窖式移栽配套的施肥技術(shù)應(yīng)用較少，為此，本文通過研究烤煙井窖式移栽下不同化肥與有機(jī)肥配比對烤煙生長發(fā)育的影響，旨在為烤煙井窖式移栽配套技術(shù)下生產(chǎn)出優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐。……