洪向平 徐楊玉 禹建政
摘要 本文選用不同的殺菌劑,研究其對火龍果腐爛病的防治效果。結(jié)果表明,各處理發(fā)病株均生長正常,各殺菌劑對火龍果表現(xiàn)安全。火龍果感染后,噴施殺菌劑均達(dá)不到防治效果,但對病斑有一定的抑制作用,同時對當(dāng)年新梢有一定的防護作用。其中,波爾多液對感染病斑抑制變大效果最佳(90%),咪鮮胺次之(87.5%),百菌清最差(57.14%),顯著低于其他處理;波爾多液及代森錳鋅殺菌劑能較好降低當(dāng)年新梢新增病斑個數(shù),多菌靈防護效果最差。
關(guān)鍵詞 火龍果;腐爛病;殺菌劑;防治效果
中圖分類號 S436.67 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼 A 文章編號 1007-5739(2017)21-0119-02
Abstract In this paper,different fungicides were used to study the control effect on rot disease of Hylocereus undatus(Haw.)Britt. et. Rose. The results showed that all the diseased plants grew normally,and the fungicides were safe for Hylocereus undatus(Haw.)Britt.et.Rose.After the infection of Hylocereus undatus(Haw.)Britt.et.Rose,the fungicides did not reach the control effect,but there was a certain inhibitory effect on the spot,and could play a protective role on the new shoots.Among them,the bordeaux had the best effect on the inhibition of infection spot, which was 90%; next to the fresh amine, 87.5%; the worst of bacillus was 57.14%,significantly lower than other treatments.The bordeaux and carmazine could reduce the number of new lesions in new shoots,and the anti-bacterial protection had the worst effect.
Key words Hylocereus undatus(Haw.)Britt.et.Rose;rot disease;fungicide;control effect
火龍果[Hylocereus undatus(Haw.)Britt.et.Rose]屬仙人掌科(Cactaceae)三角柱屬(Hylocereus)和西施仙人柱屬(Sel-enicereus)[1-2]多年生攀緣肉質(zhì)植物。原產(chǎn)于古巴、墨西哥等中美洲熱帶沙漠地區(qū),屬典型的熱帶植物。火龍果是近年由東南亞引入臺灣,再由臺灣引入海南、廣西、廣東、云南等地[3]的栽培水果新品種。近年來,由于高糖優(yōu)質(zhì)、能自花授粉的品種選育成功,種植面積有較大的發(fā)展。但隨著種植面積不斷擴大,病害也呈上升趨勢[4],特別是從2009年以后由海南到廣東湛江至廣州從化,逐步擴大到所在產(chǎn)區(qū)的火龍果腐爛病暴發(fā)流行[5-6]。該病可侵染嫩枝和幼果,開始為水漬狀小型病斑,逐步擴大并顏色變深,若遇到高溫高濕天氣,嫩枝及幼果病斑迅速增多,并引起枝條果實腐爛。果園發(fā)病后,噴藥防治效果不理想,感病果園1~3年即容易發(fā)病并迅速衰退,失去經(jīng)濟價值。
目前,學(xué)者對引起該病的病原研究有較大的分歧。……