喬曉景 李元征 許開鵬
摘要 西藏錯那千年沙棘林是極其稀有的寶貴資源,具有一定的不可替代的價值,但尚未得到有效的重視和保護。本文首先描述了沙棘林的現狀,包括概況、特色及其所面臨的問題。其次,介紹了其觀賞、文化、宗教、生態服務、藥用和營養及科研價值。最后,從基礎調查和建庫、基礎人員和設施配置、管理條例和法制制定、宣傳和教育、樹木養護和復壯、資金保障、適度開發、建立種子庫和基因庫及開展自然和社會科學的基礎和應用研究9個方面對千年沙棘林的保護和開發提出建議。該工作將有助于引起相關部門和人員對千年沙棘林的重視,并為充分挖掘其潛力及開展精細化養護提供一定理論支持。
關鍵詞 歷史氣候;歷史環境;古木;古地震學;脅迫;譜系地理;繁殖;西藏錯那
中圖分類號 S718.4;P467;X835 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-5739(2017)21-0168-04
Abstract The millennial hippophae forest is located in Cuona,Tibet.And it is an extremely precious resource,possessing a certain irreplaceable value.However,it has not been effectively emphasized and protected by humans.Its situation was firstly described,including the overview,features,and confronting problems.Then,its various values were introduced from the ornamental,cultural,religious,ecological service,medicinal,nutrient,and scientific aspects.Finally,we proposed advices for protection and exploration of the millennial hippophae forest from nine aspects,including basic survey and record,configuration of essential staffs and facility,enactment of management regulations and laws,propaganda and education,maintenance and rejuvenation for trees,funding guarantees,moderate exploitation,establishment of seed bank and gene pool,and development of the basic research of natural and social sciences.This work is beneficial for arousing the attention of related governments and staffs,and could propose some theoretical supports for fully exploiting values of this millennial hippophae forest,and carrying on fine maintenance for it.
Key words historical climate;historical environment;ancient wood;paleoseismology;stress;phylogeography;reproduction;Cuona Tibet
植物沙棘,為胡頹子科沙棘屬,是一種落葉性灌木或小喬木[1]。起源于2億年前的溫暖濕潤的舊大陸溫帶古地中海沿岸,是地球上最古老的植物之一。沙棘抗逆能力強,適應性廣泛,主要生長于干旱、半干旱和半干旱半濕潤地區。我國擁有世界上90%以上的沙棘資源,總面積約270萬hm2,主要分布于西北、華北、東北、西南等地[2]。此外,近年來我國人工種植的沙棘林正迅速增加。沙棘具有顯著的生態效益、經濟效益和社會效益,是促進農村經濟發展、改善生態環境和改善能源危機的優良先鋒樹種[1,3-4]。
古樹通常是指樹齡在100年以上的樹木,樹齡越高,級別越高。……