海顯蓮 靳世強 曹釋安
摘要 利用青海省常規氣象觀測資料、農牧業土壤干旱監測資料、生態氣象災害及水體遙感衛星監測等資料,對2017年春季以來青海異常天氣氣候特征及其影響進行了分析。結果表明,降水量異常偏多,第一場透雨提前;氣溫階段性偏低,10站次達寒潮標準,8站次達強降溫標準;北極濤動大部分時間為負位相,是異常氣候特征的主要原因;土壤墑情較好,低溫使農作物生長期和牧草返青普遍推遲;青海湖至4月13日完全解凍,解凍期較2016年提前38 d,較近10年平均提前44 d,湖面面積達2001年以來同期最大值。
關鍵詞 氣候特征;影響分析;青海省;2017年春季以來
中圖分類號 P466 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-5739(2017)21-0217-03
Abstract Using meteorological observation data,soil drought monitoring data of agriculture and animal husbandry,ecological and meteorological disaster monitoring satellite remote sensing data in Qinghai Province,the climate characteristics of abnormal weather and its influence since the spring of 2017 in Qinghai Province were analyzed. The results showed that the precipitation was more than the normal,the first soaking rain appeared in advance. The temperature decreased by stages,10 stations were up to the level of cold wave,8 stations were up to the level of strong cooling. The arctic oscillation was negative phase in most of the time,which was the main reason of abnormal climate characteristics. The soil moisture was good,and the low temperature generally postponed the growth period of corps and returning green of grass. Qinghai Lake completely thawed on April 13th,which was 38 days earlier than that of 2016,and 44 days earlier than average of recent 10 years. The lake area reached the maximum since 2001 in the corresponding period.
Key words climatic characteristics;impact analysis;Qinghai Province;since spring of 2017
春季是冬季向夏季轉換的過渡階段,中高緯度冷空氣勢力和暖濕氣流激烈交綏,造成大氣不穩定,并進一步引起天氣的變化,甚至帶來極端天氣事件。2017年進入春季以來,青海省出現了罕見降水異常和氣溫偏低。從氣候變暖以來,特別是進入21世紀后,出現多次階段性的低溫天氣比較少見。本文利用常規觀測資料和非常規監測資料,對這一異常現象進行了分析[1-2]。
1 春季以來異常氣候特征
春季以來(3月1日至6月10日,下同),冷空氣頻繁影響青海省,造成全省降水量異常偏多,第一場透雨提前、氣溫階段性偏低,全省平均氣溫達近5年來最低,西寧偏低幅度最大,為1.1 ℃。
1.1 降水量異常偏多,第一場透雨提前
春季以來,全省多次出現大暴雪天氣過程,主要降水過程有11次,平均降水量112.9 mm,較常年偏多30%(圖1),為1961年以來歷史同期第三多,其中環青海湖地區偏多50%,偏多幅度列第2位,柴達木盆地偏多40%、東部農業區和青南牧區偏多20%(圖2)。……