徐志清
摘 要:強調句型是高中英語中非常重要的一項語法,也是一個高頻考點。很多同學經常把it is/was—that—的句子都認為是強調句型,這顯然是不正確的。為了讓同學們更好地掌握強調句型這一語法,筆者把強調句型和與其相似且易混淆的句型做如下歸納。
關鍵詞:英語;強調句型;易混句型;例析
一、 強調句型的基本結構
It is /was+被強調部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。當被強調部分是“人”,且在句中作主語時,可以用that也可以用who,其他情況只能用that。
(1) It was at eight oclock in the evening that they got to school.
(2) It is his father that/who often helps him with his English.
二、 強調句型的三種基本形式
1) 陳述句:It is/was +被強調部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。
It was last year that we visited the World Expo.
2) 一般疑問句:Is/Was it +被強調部分+that/who+句子的其他部分?
Was it yesterday that he took part in the game?
3) 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+is/was it + that/who+句子的其他部分?
Where was it that she met her classmates yesterday?
[說明]1) 強調句型中的be動詞只能用is/was兩種形式,當that后的從句是現在的時態范圍,be用is,當that后的從句是過去的時態范圍,be用was。
2) 這種強調句型不能強調一個句子的謂語動詞,其他成分基本上都可以強調,如:主語,賓語(間接賓語,直接賓語),狀語等。
三、 強調句型的常考考點
考點1,考查強調句型的基本結構。
[高考題] It is not what we do once in a while shapes our lives, but what we do consistently.(2011年,湖南卷)
A. which B. that C. how D. when
[解答]答案選B,此題考查強調句型的基本結構,被強調部分是句子的主語部分。
考點2,考查強調句型的疑問句形式。
[高考題] Was it on a lonely island he was saved one month after the boat went down?(2011年,四川卷)
A. whereB. thatC. whichD. what
[解答]答案選B,此題考查強調句型的一般疑問句形式,被強調部分是句子的狀語。
[高考題] Why!I have nothing to confess, you want me to say?(2004年,上海卷)
A. what is it thatB. what it is that
C. how is it thatD. how it is that
[解答]答案選A,此題考查強調句型的特殊疑問句形式,被強調部分做say的賓語。
考點3,考查含有not—until的強調句型。
在對not—until的結構進行強調時,用it is/was not until+被強調部分+that+陳述語序的主句部分,并且that后的主句的謂語動詞用肯定形式。
[高考題] It was back home after the experiment. (2004年,湖北卷)
A. not until midnight did he go
B. until midnight that he didnt go
C. not until midnight that he went
D. until midnight when he didnt go
[解答] 答案選C,此題考查not—until的強調句型,其that后主句的動詞用肯定形式。
四、 幾種與強調句型相似且易混淆的句型
1. It be+時間點+when+陳述句。
It was nine oclock in the morning when he got to the station.
2. It be+時間段+before+陳述句。
It will be three years before we meet again.
3. It be+時間段+since+陳述句(動詞用過去式),
It is five years since we moved here.
4. It be+adj./n.+that+陳述句。常見的形容詞有:clear, obvious, true, certain, natural, surprising等,常用的名詞有:fun, shame, pity等;
(1) It is obvious that nobody enjoys being played tricks on in public.endprint
(2) It is a pity that you missed such a fine talk.
5. It be +過去分詞+that+陳述句。常見的過去分詞有:said, known, told, reported, belived, thought, proved, suggested, required, ordered, advised等
It is suggested that you (should) live in the school.
[說明]在It be +suggested /advised /ordered/required+that 從句中,that從句的謂語動詞用should+動詞原形,should可以省略。
6. It be high time+that從句。that從句常用虛擬語氣,即動詞用過去式或should+動詞原形。
It is high time that you changed/should change your attitude.
7. It be the first/second+that從句。在這種句型中,be用is,則that從句多用現在完成時,be用was,則that從句多用過去完成時。
(1) It is the second time that you havent finished your homework this week.
(2) It was the first time that she had visited the museum.
五、 強調句型的判定
如何判定一個It be—that句子是否是強調句型,用還原法來檢驗。即把it be—that去掉后,句子是完整且正確的句子,則是強調句型,否則不是強調句型。
(1) It was in the evening that we got to the village.
當去掉it was 和that 后,in the evening在句中作狀語,句子可以還原為:We got to the village in the evening.說明這個句子是強調句型。
(2) It is obvious that nobody enjoys being played tricks on in public.
當去掉it was和that后,obvious不作后句中的成分,句子不能還原為一個完整的句子,則不是強調句型。
以上幾點就是強調句型應掌握的知識點,認真比較并加以區別,才能更好地掌握強調句型這一特殊句型。endprint