鄒萌萌+劉影+張靜靜+李建龍
摘 要:為促進環境治理和生態修復,完善領導干部政績考核標準,十八屆三中全會要求探索編制自然資源資產負債表,對領導干部實行自然資源資產離任審計。本文從自然資源核算進展到自然資源資產負債表編制入手,討論了自然資源資產負債表編制思路,闡述了自然資源實物量及價值量的核算方法,提出了主要由自然資源實物量表、價值量表及綜合核算表構成的自然資源資產負債表的框架設想。
關鍵詞:自然資源核算;自然資源資產負債表;負債表框架體系;實物量表;價值量表
中圖分類號:F062.1 文獻標識碼:A DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2018.01.011
Abstract: The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China presented that the balance sheet of natural resources should be compiled and natural resources should be audited after the leaders leave their post. The balance sheet of natural resources was able to improve environmental governance and ecological remediation, reinforce assessment of leaders. The article stated theories, ideas and methods of compiling the balance sheet of natural resources from natural resource calculation to the balance sheet of natural resources. In addition, the article proposed that the balance sheet of natural resources consist of physical quantity sheet, value quantity sheet and integrated accounting table of natural resources.
Key words: natural resource calculation; the balance sheet of natural resources; frame system of the balance sheet; physical quantity sheet;value quantity sheet
《千年生態系統評估報告》顯示人類賴以生存的生態系統有60%正處于不斷退化狀態,地球上近2/3的自然資源已經消耗殆盡。該報告指出,改變“自然資源取之不盡用之不竭”的觀念是拯救自然環境的關鍵,強調各國通過制定相關法律,要求所有經濟決策必須包含自然成本,從而減緩生態系統退化[1]。改革開放30多年,中國經濟取得了舉世矚目的成就。但與此同時,不同企業、地區及政府部門卻陷入了以犧牲資源環境為代價來謀取GDP的誤區。為避免國家陷入增長假象,提高資源利用效率,十八屆三中全會做出“探索編制自然資源資產負債表,對領導實行自然資源資產離任審計,建立生態環境損害責任終身追究制”的重大決定。探索編制自然資源資產負債表不僅能夠通過綠色GDP完善政府和領導干部政績考核評價體系,糾正部分官員以犧牲環境為代價來換取GDP增長的錯誤觀念,還能彌補傳統的國民經濟核算體系忽視經濟發展過程中所付出的自然資源環境成本的不足?!?br>