李雪梅+王樹林+王燕+張謙+馮國藝+雷曉鵬+梁青龍
摘 要:搜集10個生產上應用的小麥品種,在糧棉輪作模式下種植,通過調查小麥單位面積有效穗數、穗粒數、千粒質量、經濟系數、小麥籽粒產量等性狀指標,旨在篩選出適宜糧棉輪作模式下的耐晚播小麥品種。結果表明:單位面積穗數是影響不同小麥品種產量的關鍵因素,穗粒數與單位面積穗數呈反比趨勢,千粒質量與經濟系數差異不大,其中輪選103產量顯著高于其他品種,單位面積有效穗數、穗粒數、千粒質量、籽粒產量分別達到768×104 穗·hm-2、30.5粒、42.0 g與9 825 kg·hm-2,是糧棉輪作模式下耐晚播的優選品種。
關鍵詞:糧棉輪作;小麥品種;產量
中圖分類號:S512 文獻標識碼:A DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2018.01.013
Abstract:In cotton-wheat-maize rotation system,10 wheat varieties were planted, panicle number per unit area, grains per ear, thousand-grain weight, economic index and grain yield were investigated to select wheat varieties resistant to late sowing and suitable for cotton-wheat-maize rotation system. The results showed that the key factor affecting wheat yield was panicle number per unit area, and there was an inverse ration between panicle number per unit area and grains per ear, and the difference for thousand-grain weight and economic index among wheat varieties was not significant. The grain yield of Lunxuan 103 was significantly higher than that of other varieties, and its panicle number per unit area, grains per ear, thousand-grain weight and grain yield reached 768×104 panide·hm-2, 30.5 grains, 42.0 g and 9 825 kg·hm-2 respectively, which was the optimum variety resistant to late sowing for cotton-wheat-maize rotation system.
Key words:cotton-wheat-maize system;wheat variety;yield
河北省中南部地區一熟棉花種植面積較大,素有“冀南棉海”之稱[1-2],但近年來棉花價格一直下跌,植棉效益下降,導致棉花面積減少,糧食面積有所增加[3-4]。冀中南地區同時還存在水資源嚴重不足的問題,這也是種植小麥玉米一年兩熟模式的限制因子[5],近年來,該地區出現了棉花-小麥-玉米兩年三熟輪作種植模式[6-10],該模式可充分利用冀中南地區熱量資源與水資源種植一季棉花有余、種植小麥棉花兩熟不足的特點,既有利于減少地下水開采,更有利于農民增收。由于糧棉輪作模式下前茬棉花收獲一般在10月底結束,小麥播期相對偏晚,往往需要在10月底11月初完成,為此,本試驗在棉花-小麥-玉米兩年三熟種植模式下,開展適宜輪作模式的耐晚播小麥品種篩選試驗,以期為確定適宜該模式的小麥品種提供理論依據。……