配方施肥對桂西中稻產量及肥料利用率的影響

李玉梅

摘要：【目的】開展配方施肥對桂西中稻產量及肥料利用率影響試驗，為稻作區農民對桂西中稻種植科學合理施肥提供參考.【方法】試驗采用隨機區組設計，共設9個處理，3次重復，27～個小區。各施肥處理通過尿素、鈣鎂磷肥、氯化鉀中有效成分N、P2O5、K2O施用量不同，對比分析施肥方案以及肥料的利用情況。【結果】配方施肥比常規施肥處理、缺氮處理和不施肥（ck）的中稻生育期縮短2～3d，對中稻的株高、畝有效穗數、每穗粒數、結實率和千粒重等主要經濟性狀值的提高有不同程度的影響；配方施肥產量最高，為8716.7kg/hm2，較常規施肥增產5.23%，比它相對應的缺氮、缺磷、缺鉀處理的中稻產量分別增產33.65%、7.27%、13.90%，且達到顯著以上水平。水稻配方施肥氮、磷、鉀肥料利用率分別比常規施肥提高4.69%、3.64%、10.88%。【結論】配方施肥能有效改善中稻的生育狀況，可不同程度的提高氮、磷、鉀肥肥料利用率，對中稻產量具有顯著的增產作用。

關鍵詞：水稻；配方施肥；產量；肥料利用率

中圖分類號：S511文獻標識碼：A文章編號：1003-4374（2017）01-0013-04

Abstract：【Objective】The experiment to test the effectiveness of Formulated Fertilization is of great significance to the middle-season rice planting in the western areas of Guangxi.【Method】Based on design of random sections&groups，the experiment consists of nine treatments，three repetitions and 27 sections.Each treatment makes a contrastive analysis of fertilizing scheme and use of fertilization，by utilizing different portions of effective ingredients such as N，P2O5，K2O contained respectively in urea，Fused calcium-magnesium phosphate and Potassium chloride.【Result】Compared with the treatments of conventional fertilization，nitrogen deficiency and no-fertilization，Formulated Fertilization shortens two to three days of the rice growth period，resulting in different degrees of effects on the plant height，the effective panicles，the grains of per panicle，the seed setting rate and other values of main economic characters；Formulated Fertilization helps to yield best with 8716.7kg/hm2，which is 5.32% of production increase compared to the conventional fertilization，33.65%，7.27%，13.90% to nitrogen deficiency，phosphorus deficiency and potassium deficiency respectively；all of these increases are remarkable；in this Formulated Fertilization for rice，the utilization rate of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium fertilizer increases respectively by 4.69%，3.64% and 10.88%，compared to conventional fertilization.【Conclusion】Conclusion could be arrived at：Formulated Fertilization boosts the growth and production of the middle-season rice，improving efficiency of fertilizers like nitrogen，phosphorus and potash in different degrees.

Key words： rice；formulated fertilization；yield；fertilizer efficiency

水稻是廣西最重要的農作物，2011年播種面積207.85萬hm2，占農作物總播種面積的34.7%[1]。但是，由于農民憑經驗施肥，在水稻施肥上存在盲目性，造成水稻生產存在施肥不科學、肥料投入不足、投肥結構失調等肥料施用誤區，相當部分農戶少施或不施有機肥，磷、鉀肥施用量偏低，氮、磷、鉀養分比例不合理，影響到地力的培育和水稻產量的提高[2]。為摸清桂西中稻區配方施肥和農戶常規施肥對產量及肥料利用率的影響，2015年在普合鄉普馱屯進行了中稻測土配方施肥肥料利用率試驗，為指導本稻作區農民科學合理施肥提供參考。……