維亞馬拉訪客中心，圖西斯，瑞士

建筑設計：伊凡諾·伊塞皮，斯蒂芬·庫拉斯Architects: Ivano Iseppi, Stefan Kurath

1 外景/Exterior views

建筑師伊凡諾·伊塞皮和斯蒂芬·庫拉斯在較大型項目中會進行合作。斯蒂芬·庫拉斯對于建筑及城市規劃很感興趣，他積極介入政治進程，以探索一個政治性建筑師的可能性及優勢。伊凡諾·伊塞皮則熱衷于修復工作，他主要負責建筑的設計建造。

維亞馬拉峽谷是瑞士格勞賓登州一處獨一無二的自然景觀。1903年起，它就是峽谷旅游的起始點。如今它依然是整個地區的代表性景觀。

2010年，“維亞馬拉公司合作社”的執行董事會找到建筑師伊凡諾·伊塞皮和斯蒂芬·庫拉斯，委托他們為提升當地的基礎設施規劃遠景。經過建筑師對場所特質的深入思索以及與合作社董事會的密切溝通，他們認為需要建造一座新建筑，不僅服務于峽谷的旅游活動，同時提升景區入口的功能，但應采取不與峽谷景觀沖突的細膩設計。

新建訪客中心的所在地曾有一座服務亭，后被拆除。訪客中心的體量形成了從道路進入峽谷的過渡，建筑腳下就是壯觀的60m深淵。約40m長的非對稱坡屋頂覆蓋了游客中心及其前臺區域。雖然建筑在面向街道及峽口的一側顯得封閉，但其南北兩側立面皆設置了大面積玻璃窗。這些結構性開口一直延伸至屋頂，成為壯闊風景的景框。

一扇狹長的漏斗狀窗戶提供了從街道觀察游客中心內部的視野。墻體、平臺和階梯的位置皆順應地形。建筑的設計基礎是擁有111年歷史的天然石材階梯系統。訪客中心所使用的材料主要是混凝土、木材和鋼，由此融入峽谷的古樸環境，并滿足防御性需求——例如保護公眾免遭山石滑落或路面交通的傷害。

游客進入訪客中心前會穿過一片前庭。在那里購買門票后，便可經由一部室外臺階通往峽谷。這條路線還會經過一間位于前臺區域下方的展覽室。從那里開始，游客會踏上自1903年修建并保存至今的階梯系統，由此真正進入峽谷。在峽谷中參觀完畢后，游覽路線最終從南端回到訪客中心。緊靠訪客中心的平臺是為那些無法走入峽谷陡峭山路的游客準備的，人們也可以面朝峽谷的風景，享用一杯咖啡。

在峽谷深處，著名結構工程師尤格·康策特設計的步行橋讓游客有機會親近水面，觀賞壯麗的風景。（黃華青 譯）

2 外景/Exterior views

The architects Ivano Iseppi and Stefan Kurath join their forces when they work in larger projects. Stefan Kurath is very much interested in architectual and urban design as well as in the possibilities and advantages of being a political architect, involving himself in political processes. Ivano Iseppi is interested in restorations and is very much involved in the execution of their buildings.

The Viamala Gorge is considered a unique natural spectacle in the Grisons region of Switzerland. In 1903 it was the starting point for the touristic exploration of the gorge. Today it is the figurehead of an entire region.

In 2010 the governing board of the operating cooperative "Viamala Infra Betriebsgenossenschaft"addressed architects Ivano Iseppi and Stefan Kurath,and commissioned them to establish scenarios for optimising the local structures and infrastructures.Extensive scrutiny of the location as well as intense talks between the governing board of the cooperative and the architects indicated that a new structure should support the work of the tourist operation in the gorge as well as improving access, yet realised as a sensitively designed infrastructure not in competition with the actual gorge.

The newly built visitor centre is located where once a kiosk stood, which was dismantled. It forms a transition from the road into gorge, spectacularly positioned at the edge of a 60-metre-deep abyss.An asymmetrically arranged pitched roof spans the approximately 40 square metres of the visitor centre and its counter area. While the structure appears closed towards the street and the gorge, the southern and northern faces of the building are furnished with large area windowpanes. As high as the room itself, these structural openings enframe the impressive landscape.

A narrow, funnel-shaped window enables a view inside the visitors' centre from the street. The placement of the walls, the terrace and the stairs follow the topography. The 111-year-old stairway system in natural stone forms the fundament of the building. The material concept of the visitors'centre, predominantly consisting of concrete, wood and steel, stands in close context to the archaic environment of the gorge as well as the protective requirements, such as guarding the public against rock fall and through traffic.

Visitors cross a forecourt before reaching the visitors' centre. From there they reach the gorge via an exposed stairway after buying a ticket. The route leads through a new exhibition room located below the counter area. From there visitors can access the still existing stairway system of 1903, which eventually leads into the actual gorge. After visiting the gorge, the route leads visitors back into the visitor centre on the southern side of the building. A terrace attached to the visitor centre offers seats for those who cannot walk the steep path into the gorge or wish to enjoy a cup of coffee with a view of the gorge.

Further down in the gorge the well-known structural engineer Jürg Conzett designed pedestrian bridges for visitors to get down to the water and enjoy the spectacular view.

3 外景/Exterior view

4 總平面/Site plan

墻體結構/Structure of wall

清水混凝土/Bare concrete 25cm

木板板層/Fiberboard layer 6cm

防水層/Waterproof layer

三層板/Triplex board 2.7cm

屋頂結構/Structure of roof

清水混凝土/Bare concrete 25cm

木板板層/Fiberboard layer 9cm

木板板層/Fiberboard layer 9cm

防水層/Waterproof layer

安裝層/Install layer 3cm

三層板/triplex board 2.7cm

地面結構/Structure of floor

木地板面層/Floor covering 2.5cm

落腳噪聲絕緣層/Foot noise insulation layer 2.2cm

防水層/Waterproof layer

云杉木板板層/Spruce wood layer 7.4cm

云杉木板板層/Spruce wood layer 7.4cm

防潮層/Damp proof course

清水混凝土/Bare concrete 28cm

5 剖面構造/Section construction

6 首層平面/Ground floor plan

7 地下一層平面/Floor B1 plan

評論

朱淵：在道路與山谷之間，建筑成為一個隔離人工道路與自然景致之間的界面，也成為從喧囂道路向幽靜自然過渡的傳遞媒介。其中，建筑的售賣空間面向道路開細條窗，呈現與外界干擾隔離的姿態；面向山谷部分完全開放，以獲取與自然之間最大程度的對話。建筑在穩穩落于山體之上的同時，充分展現清水混凝土的塑形結構應對環境表達的拒絕與包容的清晰態度，由此恰如其分的展現材料和結構結合下的適度的開放性。建筑的結構與維護界面的有效結合，讓整體建筑在混淆了屋頂與墻面界面的同時，以一種自然而肯定的形態融于山體之間。

8 進入維亞瑪拉峽谷地下一層的入口/Entrance to the Viamala-Gorge basment floor

9 露臺/Terrace

張早：用混凝土的完整表面來澆筑雙坡頂的形式是一種具有極其強大符號能量的作為。在這樣的作為中，建筑立面和屋頂可能擁有的細節全部被抹平了，保溫被放在了內部。在雙坡屋頂的山面，為了遮擋室內木構造斷面，同時承擔結構作用，屋頂和墻壁邊緣一同被加寬。房子成為一塊多面的異物，它的平整表面在山谷中有著奪目的表現，所塑造的幾何感讓它成為險道峽中強勢的客體。為了證實自己客體的身份，它將自身體塊切削一半向外開放。這座訪客中心混凝土墻面上投影了德國作家亨利·特奧多爾·馮塔納的話語。維亞馬拉是他萊茵之旅的終點，面對如此的自然壯美，馮塔納拒絕留下具體的文字描述。而如今，面對著陡壁，在深澗、巨石之上，這座幾十平米小房子的懸挑屋頂所暴露的厚約半米的混凝土斷面下，人們有機會在橙色圓桌旁邊享用巧克力和咖啡。

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Viamala Infra Betriebsgenossenschaft

結構工程/Structural Engineer: FHP Structural Engineers

建造周期/Building Year: 2012-2014

攝影/Photos: Laura Egger

10 商店與收銀臺內景/Interior view of the shop and ticket counter

Comments

ZHU Yuan: Between roads and valleys, architecture has become an interface to isolate artificial roads and natural scenes, and has also become a transmission medium from the noisy road to the quiet nature. Among them, the sale space of the building opened thin windows to the road, showing an isolation attitude towards the interference outside; the part facing the valley is completely open, in order to obtain the greatest degree of dialogue with nature. While the building is standing firmly on the top of the mountain, it's fully showing the clear attitude of rejection and tolerance of the plain concrete's shape structure towards the environmental expression, which appropriately shows the right level of openness under the combination of material and structure. The effective combination of the building's structure and the maintenance interface allows the whole building to blend the interface of roof and walls, and merge into the mountains as a natural and affirmative form. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

ZHANG ZAO: Casting a double pitched roof with a complete surface of concrete is a kind of practice with extremely powerful symbolic energy. In this practice, all the possible details of the building facade and roof are all smoothed out, and the insulation is kept inside. On the gable of the double pitched roof,in order to hide the interior section of the wooden structure and take on the structural function in the meantime, the roof and the edge of the wall are widened together. The house becomes a multifaceted rarity. Its flat surfaces have a brilliant performance in the valley, and the sense of geometry created by it makes it a strong object in the Viamala Gorge. In order to verify its identity of an object, it cuts half of its own body block to open to the outside. Words from the German writer Theodor Fontane are projected on the concrete walls of this visiting centre. Viamala was the end of his trip to Rhine. In the face of such magnificent natural beauty, Fontane refused to leave any specific description in text. While now, facing the cliff, above the deep valley river and the giant stones, under the concrete section about half a meter thick exposed by the overhung roof of this small house with dozens of square meters, people have the opportunity to enjoy hot chocolate and coffee by the orange round tables. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)