格羅諾校舍及幼兒園，格羅諾，瑞士

Schoolhouse and Kindergarten, Grono, Switzerland, 2011

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：拉斐爾·祖博爾Architect: Raphael Zuber

1 外景/Exterior view

2 總平面/Site plan

拉斐爾·祖博爾在其職業(yè)生涯開(kāi)始時(shí)專(zhuān)注于建筑結(jié)構(gòu)，并探索了一種精確的結(jié)構(gòu)可以對(duì)正式的建筑表達(dá)及建筑的內(nèi)在空間潛力做出貢獻(xiàn)。他與結(jié)構(gòu)工程師帕特里克·加特曼合作，他們共同開(kāi)發(fā)了適用于地震，具有空間表現(xiàn)力，且服務(wù)于建筑內(nèi)部空間組織的智能結(jié)構(gòu)體系。后期，他開(kāi)始把注意力集中在建筑空間上，其對(duì)建筑的興趣，更多地轉(zhuǎn)移到概念化與智能化兼具的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中。

該建筑坐落在村落中央的一個(gè)花園里，位于一個(gè)廣場(chǎng)上。廣場(chǎng)是學(xué)校的運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)，花園則成為了幼兒園的室外活動(dòng)區(qū)。

該建筑與廣場(chǎng)平面完美契合。小學(xué)及幼兒園位于同一個(gè)樓層，但朝向各異，由公共樓層連接起來(lái)。小學(xué)及幼兒園在建筑物兩端設(shè)置有各自的入口，并且在整個(gè)建筑物周?chē)荚O(shè)置了室外活動(dòng)區(qū)。

板墻沿立面延伸開(kāi)來(lái)，被圍繞著樓梯間和電梯間的弧形墻壁分隔成幾段。入口的兩個(gè)立面為建筑物提供了同向支撐，弧形墻壁則提供了其他方向的支撐。幾乎與墻面等高的立面開(kāi)口加之幾個(gè)完全相同的1/4橢圓,形成了90°彎曲的拱。通過(guò)預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼索相連接，將荷載傳遞到每個(gè)立面中心處的支點(diǎn)。

建筑物的外觀讓人聯(lián)想到樹(shù)木。部分支撐結(jié)構(gòu)存在于各個(gè)房間之中，并將每一個(gè)獨(dú)立的空間連接成為一個(gè)整體。（天妮 譯）

3 主入口/Main entrance

4 剖面/Section

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: 格羅諾政府/Municipality of Grono

合作者/Collaborators: David Gianinazzi, Kosuke Yutani

項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理/Project Manager: Thomas Melliger - Bauplanung工程監(jiān)理/Construction Supervisor: Devis Bruni and Giulio Cereghetti

結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Structural Engineer: Patrick Gartmann (Conzett Bronzini Gartmann AG)

景觀建筑師/Landscape Architect: 4D

AGLandschaftsarchitekten

開(kāi)始規(guī)劃/Beginning of Planning: 2008.01

開(kāi)始施工/Beginning of Construction: 2009.03

施工結(jié)束/End of Construction: 2011.08

攝影/Photos: Javier Miguel Verme

線圖/Drawings: Raphael Zuber

Raphael Zuber worked in the beginning of his career very much with the structure and explored the possibilities what a precise structure can contribute to the formal expression and the inner spatial potential of a building. For the structure he worked together with the structural engineer Patrick Gartmann. Together they developed intelligent structural systems, which serve for earthquakes, have a spatial expression,are intellectual and serve the interior spatial organisation of the building. This interest in his later buildings shifted more to a conceptual and very intellectual design process where he focuses on the architecture space.

The building stands in a garden in the middle of the village, in a public square. The square is the playground for the school and the garden is the outside play area for the kindergarten.

The building is a perfect square in plan. Primary school and kindergarten are both organized on one floor oriented in all directions, being connected by a public floor in between. They both have their own entrance facade on opposite sides of the building and their own outside area surrounding the whole building.

The slabs are carried by the facade, a circular wall segment around the stairs and the elevator core.The two entrance facades brace the building in one direction, the circular wall segment in the other. The almost full height facade openings, geometrically identical quarter ellipses, form arches that are bent at 90 degrees. Tied by means of prestressed cables,loads are transferred to the bearing points in the middle of each facade.

The outside appearance of the building can be associated to a tree. A portion of the supporting structure is present in every room and connects each single space to the entity as a whole.

5-7 內(nèi)景/Interior views

8 三層平面/2nd floor plan

9 二層平面/1st floor plan

10 首層平面/Ground floor plan

11 教室/Classroom

12 樓梯間/Staircase

評(píng)論

郭廖輝：坡地、村子、遠(yuǎn)山都絲毫沒(méi)有動(dòng)搖建筑師要做一個(gè)物體的決心，黃褐色的混凝土可能是學(xué)校和這個(gè)意大利語(yǔ)區(qū)小村的唯一關(guān)聯(lián)。當(dāng)一個(gè)圓形的擋土墻消化了坡地、組織了室外空間，這個(gè)位于中心的方形的物體就可以獨(dú)立。結(jié)構(gòu)形式提供了開(kāi)放的空間、整合了立面幾何。角部的開(kāi)放、大的懸挑，這些結(jié)構(gòu)奇觀的特征都讓人激動(dòng)。輕質(zhì)的砌塊圍繞著半圓形樓梯和電梯構(gòu)成的核心筒將空間進(jìn)一步劃分成可以使用的房間。為了強(qiáng)化結(jié)構(gòu)體的完整和獨(dú)立，砌塊墻和清水混凝土天花之間留了縫隙，使其如木門(mén)、玻璃幕墻、排水構(gòu)件、內(nèi)保溫、吸音和燈具一樣，都依附于這個(gè)完整結(jié)構(gòu)上，相對(duì)獨(dú)立存在。同時(shí)也拒絕了水平樓板被打斷，導(dǎo)致保溫的做法顯然不是最優(yōu)解。

Comments

GUO Liaohui: Slopes, villages and distant mountains have not wavered the arcthitect's determination to make an object. The yellow brown concrete may be the only link between the school and this village in the Italian area. When a circular retaining wall digested the slope and organized the outdoor space, this square object in the centre could be independent.The structure provided the open space and integrated the facade geometry. The opening on the corners and the big overhangs – the characteristics of these structural wonders are all exciting. The core tube made of light blocks around the semicircular staircases and elevators further divided the space into available rooms. In order to strengthen the integrity and independence of the structure, there are gaps between the block walls and the plain concrete ceiling, so that they are attached to the complete structure but relatively independent, like the wooden doors, glass curtain walls, drainage components, internal insulations, sound absorptions and lamps. At the same time, the interruption of the horizontal floor slab has also been rejected, which leads to an insultion treatment that obviously is not the optimal solution. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)朱淵：以結(jié)構(gòu)的力學(xué)原理，探討結(jié)構(gòu)與建筑角部空間開(kāi)放性的關(guān)系，可視為本案的主要特點(diǎn)之一。四邊形的平面形態(tài)，以每邊中點(diǎn)墻體作為支撐，結(jié)合四邊形中心交通空間的承重墻，形成整體的結(jié)構(gòu)體系。以受力曲線為主要依據(jù)形成的梁柱形態(tài)，并通過(guò)四邊圍合連接，成為空間、結(jié)構(gòu)和形態(tài)的整合秩序。建筑的入口空間從四邊支撐體系開(kāi)啟的圓洞中穿行進(jìn)入，讓力的分解在形式的轉(zhuǎn)譯中更為明晰，以進(jìn)一步展現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)與形態(tài)結(jié)合的精確性。而圓洞本身，也成為從室內(nèi)向室外觀景的重要框景，以實(shí)現(xiàn)功能、結(jié)構(gòu)和空間體驗(yàn)之間的有效整合。不難看出，應(yīng)對(duì)于結(jié)構(gòu)的空間開(kāi)放性，成為可以凸顯空間之結(jié)構(gòu)意圖的重要結(jié)果。

ZHU Yuan: Discussing the relationship between the structure and the space openness of the corner of the building based on the mechanical principle of structure can be considered as one of the main features of this case. The quadrangular plan shape is supported by the wall at the middle point of each side, and together with the bearing wall of the traffic space in the quadrangle centre they formed a whole structural system. The beam and column form that is mainly based on the stress curve, is connected through the four sides and became the integration order of space, structure and form. The entry space of architecture goes through the round hole opened by the four sided supporting system, so that the decomposition of force is clearer in the form of translation, and further showing the accuracy of the combination of structure and form. The round hole itself also became an important frame view when looking from the inside to the outside, in order to achieve the effective integration of function, structure and space experience. It is not difficult to see that the space openness to deal with structure became an important result that can enhance the structural intention of the space. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)