CONTENTS(No.4，2018)

EastAsianCivilizationStudies

Glory and Frustration: Some Thoughts on Japan’s Diplomatic Transition after World War I

Zheng Yi(4)

Mongolia from the Perspective of East Asia

Na Heya(11)

Nuclear Weapons Development Program of Japan as well as Investigation and Exploitation

of Uranium Ores towards China during World War II

Qiao Linsheng(17)

Plant Writing and Exotic Imagination——Transcultural Study on the Matsuuramiya Monogatari

Guo Xueni(27)

AncientCivilizationStudies

The Egyptian Pharaoh Complains to the Babylonian King: Translation of EA 1 with Commentary

Yuan Zhihui(37)

The Social Status of “Female Citizen” in Ancient Egypt

Guo Xiaorui(44)

MiddleEastStudies

A Study of Constructing Nation via Investment Strategy in Saudi Arabia’s Economic Reform

from the Cooperative Relations with Japan

Wang Yan(51)

On the Afghan Conflict and the Changes of Tribal Society in the Late 20thCentury

Yan Wei(60)

ResearchSummary

The Research Summary of Ancient Mesopotamian Creation Myth

Li Haifeng and Song Jiao(69)

A Research Review of East Asian issues in the Japanese Vision

Lu Jingda(77)

DoctoralForum

Causes and Influences of Okubo Toshimichi’s Negotiation in Beijing in 1874

Liu Dan(85)

Bushido Education for Aggressive War in Modern Japanese Army

Zhao Yan(93)

BookReview

The Beginning and Ending of Japan’s Decentralization and Self-centralization——An Analysis of

From“De-Confucianism”to“De-Asianization” andFrom“AskingConferment”to“Self-Conferment”

Sun Weiguo and Qin Li(101)

Path of State and Regional Studies——Review onHamasStudies

Yao Huina(111)

ContentsandSummaries

(115)

Contentsof2018

(119)

“TumenRiverForum2018”HeldatYanbianUniversity

Cover Ⅱ

IntroductiontotheSeriesofBooksEntitledasTheStudyoftheHistoryofModernInternational

Relations

Cover Ⅲ

SUMMARIESOFARTICLES

GloryandFrustration:SomeThoughtsonJapan’sDiplomaticTransitionafterWorldWarI

Zheng Yi

After World War I， Japan achieved the highest diplomatic demands of the European and American powers since the Meiji restoration in Paris Peace Conference， and its international status and prestige reached the peak. With the restrictive measures taken by the international community on Japan’s rapid rise， Japan’s “coordinated diplomacy” policy， which followed the western countries with a low attitude and was mainly pro-British and American， gradually gave way to the “tough diplomacy” policy led by the military ministry， and Japan’s diplomacy gradually moved away from Versailles-Washington system， completed opposed to the United States and Britain. The immaturity of domestic party politics in Japan led to the expansion of the military forces， which eventually made Japan the source of war in Asia.

MongolianfromthePerspectiveofEastAsia

Na Heya

The Mongolian region and the East Asian cultural circle or society sometimes conflict， sometimes coincide， sometimes coexist， and sometimes merge， and there are multiple interlaced connections between them. “Mongol Impact”， Historically， it is said that “Mongol Impact” is exist in the whole of East Asia and even in Europe and Asia. From the perspective of East Asia， this paper outlines the history of Mongolia in the period from the Great Mongolia to the Yuan Dynasty， the Ming and Qing Dynasties， and the early 20th century. Through the relationship between the Mongolian county’s School and the Japanese in the late Qing Dynasty， this paper also reveals to the complex international situation around the Mongolian region at the beginning of the twentieth century.

NuclearWeaponsDevelopmentProgramofJapanaswellasInvestigationandExploitationofUraniumOrestowardsChinaduringWorldWarII

Qiao Linsheng

During World War II， Japan was the only country which suffered atomic bombing， and it was also one of the earliest countries to develop nuclear weapons in the word. As the situation of the Pacific War was reversed， Japanese army and navy carried outnuclear weapons development programs respectively under the orders of Prime Minister Hideki Tojo and others， namely， “ni Project” and “F Project”. In order to obtain the rare uranium resources necessary for the development of atomic bombs， Japanese military， government， research institutions， companies and universities took Haicheng， Liaoning Province， as a key area after conducting extensive uranium ore investigations in colonial China， commandeered local laborers on a large scale， carried out brutal mining， and transported uranium ores back to Japan by fighter jets urgently to support the development of nuclear weapons. Therefore， it can be said that Japan’s nuclear weapons development program during World War II was not only a military research program but also a colonial enslavement and resource plundering plan with obvious characteristics of “military”， “colonization”， and “aggression”.

PlantWritingandExoticImagination——TransculturalStudyonTheMatsuuramiyaMonogatari

Guo Xueni

TheMatsuuramiyaMonogatari， one of Japanese ancient books， described a lot of objects imported from China， which helps itself to express Tang China more delicate in details， thus made it a rare exception of Japanese kentoushi monogataris. The three parts of monogatari volume inserted a large number of “peony” narratives to insinuate the facts and stories of the period of Emperor Xuanzong， which conveyed an aesthetic Tang image memoried by Japanese literatis in the initial stage of the middle ages. Therefore， combine with the history that peony imported to Japan， examining how penoy entered into Japanese literary genealogy through transcultural writing and became a symbol of exoticism inTheMatsuuramiyaMonogatari， we need to think deeply about Bai Juyi’s poetic strategy of plant writing and its Japanese influence.

TheEgyptianPharaohComplainstotheBabylonianKing:TranslationofEA1withCommentary

Yuan Zhihui

The Amarna letters are diplomatic correspondence between Egypt and other great powers in the West Asia and Egypt and lesser states in Syro-Palestine， which represents inter-states relationship in the West Asia and the North Africa. EA 1 is a denounced letter sent by Amenhotep III， Egyptian Pharaoh， to Kadashman-Enlil I， the Babylonian King， which involves a series of issues such as diplomatic marriage， loyalty of envoys， gift exchange， and diplomatic treatment. It is of great historical value for the study of Egypt-Babylonian relations.

TheSocialStatusof“FemaleCitizen”inAncientEgypt

Guo Xiaorui

The Social Status of women in ancient Egypt is widely concerned, because it is significantly higher than that of other civilized women in the same historical process. Although there are occasional opposition voices, they are not very common. As one of the important social groups in the New Kingdom of Egypt, the female citizen frequently appeared in the economic and legal literature and became an important voice group for women in the New Kingdom. The research of female citizens jumped out of the gender limitation of traditional research, and it was an important breakthrough for the study of ancient Egyptian women in this period.

AStudyofConstructingNationviaInvestmentStrategyinSaudiArabia’sEconomicReformfromtheCooperativeRelationswithJapan

Wang Yan

In recent years， in order to get rid of the single economic structure dependent on oil exports， the Saudi Arabia economy reform led by the new crown prince Mohammed put forward the “2030 vision” and advocate the reform concept of “Constructing nation via investment strategy”. The public fund PIF， as the core of the reform， has been increasing its investment to become the world’s largest sovereign wealth fund. As Japan’s largest supplier of crude oil， Saudi Arabia and Japan have established economic cooperation since the 1950s. Japan’s investment in Saudi Arabia has gradually shifted from the oil industry and oil-related infrastructure construction to the petrochemical and non-oil sectors，such as precious metals. On March 2017， Japan and Saudi Arabia agreed on the “Japan-Saudi vision 2030” centered on economic cooperation， starting a new round of economic cooperation and technical assistance. Japan’s Softbank group is also working with the Saudi government on the investment front， and PIF has becoming the largest investor in Softbank’s vision fund SVF by injecting huge capital continuously. Japan conducts comprehensive economic cooperation with Saudi Arabia in the field of industrial and high-tech investment through the combination of “ official and civilian”. As a key fulcrum country of “The Belt and Road” initiative， a comprehensive understanding of the strategic transformation of Saudi economy and the trend of foreign economic cooperation in the context of the 2030 vision can serve as a reference for the economic cooperation between China and Saudi Arabia.

OntheAfghanConflictandtheChangesofTribalSocietyintheLate20thCentury

Yan Wei

How to control tribal society is the key problem in modern Afghanistan. Musahiban Dynastydid not completely resolve this contradiction. The PADA regime tried to break the foundations of tribal society through policies， such as land reform and taxation， but it ended in failure. Tribal society and religious forces merged and became the main force against the Soviet Union and the PADA. This is the concentrated outbreak of contradictions between the state and society in Afghanistan for a long time. However， the conflict has re-shaped tribal societies: the traditional leaders faded out， the warlords replaced it and become the leading forces; the influence of religious was strengthened; the social migration fragmented the tribal society. These issues are also important factors influencing the current reconstruction of Afghanistan.

TheResearchSummaryofAncientMesopotamianCreationMyth

Li Haifeng and Song Jiao

There are abundant creation myths in Ancient Mesopotamia， which can provide important materials and unique perspective. So Chinese and foreign Assyrians have done a lot of researches on the Ancient Mesopotamian creation myths， and have made some important achievements. However， most of these studies are limited to revision and translation of the texts， and lack of analysis of the specific historical contents， as well as the overall studies of the creation myths of the whole Ancient Mesopotamia in different periods. Therefore， there is still much academic space and value to study the creation myth of the ancient Mesopotamia.

AResearchReviewofEastAsianissuesintheJapaneseVision

Lu Jingda

In the early 21st century， Japan entered a new transition period. Japan’s nationalism under the new situation， Japan’s understanding of the history in east Asia and its asia'pacific diplomacy and economic strategy have once again become the basis for thinking and judging the regional security in east Asia. The correct interpretation and comprehensive grasp of Japan’s influence in east Asia is the basis for promoting east Asian integration and promoting the peaceful， stable and sustainable development of east Asia. Based on this concept， in recent years， Chinese historians have conducted comprehensive discussions on hot issues related to Japan’s politics， security， diplomatics， and economics from multiple perspectives including history， culture， ideology， language and society. During this process， the academic circles have reached consensus on many issues among east Asian regions.

CausesandInfluencesofOkuboToshimichi’sNegotiationinBeijingin1874

Liu Dan

In 1872, Emperor Meiji canonized King of the Ryukyu Islands “Ryukyu Prince”. To cut off the suzerain-vassal relationship between the Ryukyu Islands and Qing Dynasty, Japan attempted to use the incident of killing by aboriginal head-hunters in 1871 in Taiwan as an excuse of expediting to chastise the aborigines. In 1873, Foreign Minister SOEJIMA TANEOMI probed China’s attitude towards the sovereignty and control over the east coast of Taiwan and obtained such verbal expressions as “Outside Territory of Jurisdiction” and “Beyond Influence of Civilization”. In May 1874, the SAIGO JUDO-led troops invaded Taiwan. Right when international public opinions were against Japan and the two sides were at loggerheads, OKUBO TOSHIMICHI visited Beijing and negotiated seven rounds with the Tsungli Yamen, yet nothing further resulted. Then, British Minister Thomas Wade to China offered to break the impasse, and aTreatyofBeijingwas signed by China and Japan. Japan recognized China’s possessive right of the whole island of Taiwan. China did not deny Japan’s expedition as rational and paid indemnities with silver totaling 500,000 liang (a unit of weight). That China could not help but compromise in this negotiation led to the curse of Japan’s annexation of Ryukyu Islands, war over Korea and occupation of Taiwan.

BushidoEducationforAggressiveWarinModernJapaneseArmy

Zhao Yan

The Bushido originated from the samurai habits of the feudal patriarchal society. With the rise of the warrior class， it had developed gradually into a moral value and even strong belief in the martial arts political philosophy. Since the Meiji restoration， Bushido has not disappeared because of the vanishing samurai class， but to start a new era due to the need for imperial rule and the stimulation of invasion against foreign countries. It has become an important economic pillar to sustain the expansionist line of Japanese militarism. Especially in the education of the modern Japanese army， it played an indispensable role in driving countless soldiers to the battlefield and committing heinous crimes. It is the ideological cancer of militarism education.