琴聲悠悠

文、圖／呂廷川

○高振保用新制作的二胡演奏樂曲，妻子在一旁靜靜聆聽。When Gao Zhenbao played the newly-made Erhu, his wife listened to it quietly.

2017年11月9日，在郯城縣廟山鎮(zhèn)樂泉村，悠揚的二胡聲從一處院落中傳出，高振保正在調(diào)試新制作的二胡。“二胡也叫胡琴，我的胡琴制作技藝來自于我的父親。”今年70歲的高振保回想起自己的父親十分感慨。在過去，二胡是討飯的道具，他的父親高永貴幼年曾跟隨父母在南京以乞討為生，15歲時開始批發(fā)二胡，沒想到賣得不錯，后來就拜師學(xué)習(xí)二胡制作技藝。

新中國成立后，高永貴回到了家鄉(xiāng)郯城。1958年，他牽頭在公社成立了樂器廠。由于自幼受父親的熏陶，高振保在十幾歲就跟父親學(xué)會了二胡的制作，從此跟樂器打了一輩子的交道。到了1993年，他繼承父業(yè)在岳莊村成立的樂器廠，專門制作二胡。他制作的二胡遠(yuǎn)銷海內(nèi)外，最便宜的二三百元，最貴的達(dá)到三萬元一把。

“一把二胡由琴頭、弦軸、琴桿、千斤、琴碼、琴筒、琴弦和琴弓八個部分構(gòu)成。”幾十年的磨礪，讓高振保的制琴技藝爐火純青。他介紹說，制作二胡最好的木料是老紅木、紫檀木、烏木、黃花梨木等，需要經(jīng)過選材、下料、拋光、打蠟等大大小小近百個工序。其中琴面“皮膜”的制作是關(guān)鍵，需要用蟒蛇皮做材料，蛇皮的質(zhì)量決定著二胡的音質(zhì)音色，蛇皮太厚則聲音沉悶，蛇皮太薄聲音會尖銳并缺少寬度。

“我家四代人都從事二胡制作，兒孫們不僅二胡做得好，拉得也非常棒，孫子孫女有兩個拉到了十級呢。”2014年，岳莊村的二胡制作技藝被列入臨沂市非遺保護(hù)名錄，高振保是這門手藝的傳承人。讓高振保欣慰的是，他的三個兒子、兩個孫子都學(xué)會了制作二胡的技藝。這些年來，他還帶出了八個徒弟，徒弟學(xué)成后大多自立門戶。在高振保的帶動下，村里許多人也開始從事二胡制作。2011年，岳莊村經(jīng)政府批準(zhǔn)改名為“樂泉村”。如今，村里還建起了二胡博物館，正在打造民俗樂器旅游村。

編輯／王雪芃

○堅守傳統(tǒng)手工制作技藝。Stick to traditional craftsmanship.

○高振保在檢驗兒子制作二胡的質(zhì)量。Gao Zhenbao was checking the quality of the Erhu made by his son.Gao Zhenbao was checking the quality of the Erhu made by his son.

○孫子在縣里參加演出的照片，老兩口一直珍藏著。The old couple treasure the picture of their grandson attending performances in the county.

○快遞車上門取貨，將二胡發(fā)往全國各地。Express trucks picked up goods from their factory,transporting Erhu all over the country.

○一批精制的小型二胡即將完工。A batch of refined small Erhu instruments are about to be completed.

○高振保的老父親將制琴技藝傳給后人。Gao Zhenbao’s father Gao Yonggui passed on his Erhu manufacturing technique to his offspring.

“The Erhu is also known as Huqin (two-stringed bowed instrument), I learned Huqin manufacturing techniques from my father,” 70-year-old Gao Zhenbao sighed with emotion, recalling his father. In 1993, following in his father’s footsteps, he established a musical instrument factory in Yuezhuang Village, specializing in making Erhu. His Erhu products sell at home and abroad, with the price ranging from RMB 200 to 30,000.

With several decades of honing, Gao has attained perfection in making Erhu. In 2014, the Erhu manufacturing technique of Yuezhuang Village was included in the Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection List of Linyi City, and Gao Zhenbao is the inheritor. To Gao’s relief, his three sons and two grandsons all mastered the technique. Led by Gao Zhenbao, many villagers began engaging in making Erhu. In 2011, Yuezhuang Village was renamed “Yuequan Viallge” upon approval of the government.Now, the village has even established an Erhu Museum, and is striving to build a Folk Instrument Tourism Village.