百年中和堂

文、圖／張嚴(yán)新

○重建中的中和堂體現(xiàn)了存古、復(fù)古和創(chuàng)古的理念。Zhonghetang under reconstruction reflects the concepts of antique conservation, restoration and creation.

中國(guó)醫(yī)藥源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)，自神農(nóng)開藥學(xué)之先河以來，經(jīng)歷了數(shù)千年的發(fā)展歷程，為中華民族的生息繁衍做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。

臺(tái)兒莊“中和堂藥棧”創(chuàng)辦于1908年（清光緒三十四年），由滕縣中和堂藥棧派邱德法來臺(tái)兒莊鎮(zhèn)創(chuàng)辦。坐落在丁字街南頭（今順河街北頭）路東，有門市一座，后為近二畝大院，資金雄厚，藥材齊全，質(zhì)優(yōu)價(jià)實(shí)，享有盛譽(yù)，為臺(tái)兒莊地區(qū)及周邊數(shù)十里內(nèi)之著名藥店，為全區(qū)人民健康做出了歷史性的貢獻(xiàn)。

當(dāng)年在中和堂工作過的李景周老人今年85歲了，現(xiàn)和老伴在臺(tái)兒莊金莊小區(qū)居住。雖然已到耄耋之年，但是他身板硬朗、精神矍鑠，思維亦非常敏捷。他拿出了一本厚厚的油印《臺(tái)兒莊區(qū)醫(yī)藥志》，憑著清晰的記憶，向我們講述了中和堂的歷史。

臺(tái)兒莊中和堂藥棧的資金、人員皆由滕縣中和堂分派，有掌柜、二掌柜、管賬先生、大伙計(jì)、二伙計(jì)、學(xué)徒工、4名專職藥工，還有2名炊事員。創(chuàng)辦之初，領(lǐng)東掌柜為邱德法，時(shí)有從業(yè)人員17名，人員之多，分工之細(xì)，居臺(tái)兒莊各藥店之首。

臺(tái)兒莊區(qū)氣候溫和，雨量充沛，兼有低山丘陵、澇洼和平原三種地形，適宜多種中藥材的生長(zhǎng)。中和堂的貨源廣泛，除收購地產(chǎn)藥材和外地藥車送來的藥材外，還經(jīng)常派專人到天津、上海等城市采購中成藥、西藥和名貴中藥材。中和堂很講究藥材質(zhì)量，收購時(shí)，次貨一律不收，加工時(shí)，遵古炮制、一絲不茍。藥棧主要配制六味地黃丸、木香順氣丸、冰硼散、太乙膏、化毒丹等，品種之全為其他藥店所不及。中和堂自開業(yè)起就賓客盈門，藥店為招攬生意，狠下了3年工夫，發(fā)誓3年內(nèi)售好藥、不賺錢，藥品都以賤價(jià)乃至賠本出售。這期間雇工一應(yīng)人等的開支均由老板抽取其他收入補(bǔ)濟(jì)，來購藥的顧客覺察到中和堂的藥確實(shí)貨色好、價(jià)格廉，于是人人傳說、廣為知曉。江蘇的邳縣、銅山縣北部地區(qū)和蘭陵、蒼山等地皆來此進(jìn)藥。藥材和中成藥批發(fā)業(yè)務(wù)越做越大，當(dāng)年門庭若市，銃筒叮當(dāng)之聲震天響，開票、計(jì)價(jià)、收款、取藥、包裝，一片繁忙景象，逐漸代替了老字號(hào)仁壽堂藥店的批發(fā)業(yè)務(wù)。

中和堂的生意之所以日益興隆，還與其良好的服務(wù)態(tài)度密切相關(guān)。中和堂內(nèi)設(shè)坐堂先生，既出售藥材，又方便群眾看病。每有顧客來店，先由小伙計(jì)讓座、獻(xiàn)茶、敬煙，熱情問候，稍事休息，再談購藥事宜。問明后，列單付柜抓藥，分類各包，然后對(duì)單驗(yàn)查，無誤后，方送顧客離店。對(duì)遠(yuǎn)方來店批發(fā)購貨的顧客，除敬煙、獻(xiàn)茶外，還安排吃飯、住宿，晚飯后安排洗澡，為遠(yuǎn)方的客人解乏。有時(shí)掌柜的還陪顧客逛街、看戲、瀏覽市容，體驗(yàn)當(dāng)?shù)仫L(fēng)土民情，掌柜抽不出時(shí)間時(shí)，另派專人作陪，因此，顧客來店皆有“客至如家”之感。中和堂店門兩側(cè)當(dāng)年的對(duì)聯(lián)為：“中正存心深積德，和平養(yǎng)氣廣生財(cái)”，正是靠“積德生財(cái)”，中和堂名聲在外，民國(guó)初年曾有一軍官說道：“我到過的地方不算少，惟獨(dú)臺(tái)兒莊有三好：一是中和堂的藥好，二是泰山廟朱家的饃饃好，三是前河崖彭家飯館的菜好。”

○保存下來的墻壁已斑駁，但仍能讓人想象到當(dāng)年的氣派。Though the preserved wall is mottled, it can still remind us of its style in those years.

○撫摸著斑駁的墻壁，讓人感慨萬千。Touching the mottled wall, you may have all sorts of feelings.

○說起中和堂的歷史，李景周老人津津有味。The old man Li Jingzhou spoke of the history of Zhonghetang with interests.

1938年3月，日本侵略軍進(jìn)攻臺(tái)兒莊，中和堂藥棧毀于戰(zhàn)火。同年11月，滕縣人張玉琨，原為中和堂藥棧的伙計(jì)，在臺(tái)兒莊鎮(zhèn)丁字街開設(shè)了德和祥藥棧。1939年5月，中和堂經(jīng)過整修后和其他中西藥店（房）陸續(xù)恢復(fù)營(yíng)業(yè)，但其因損失過大，終未恢復(fù)元?dú)猓瑯I(yè)務(wù)盛勢(shì)逐漸讓位于戰(zhàn)后新建的德和祥藥棧。至1949年，臺(tái)兒莊地區(qū)計(jì)有帶堂號(hào)的中藥店25家，西藥房3家，其中較大的就是中和堂藥棧和德和祥藥棧。

中華人民共和國(guó)成立后，黨和政府非常關(guān)心醫(yī)藥商業(yè)的發(fā)展，1956年1月公私合營(yíng)時(shí)，中和堂藥棧經(jīng)理張干才率職工7人，全店加入了“公私合營(yíng)臺(tái)兒莊中和堂藥店”。

編輯／郭蓓蓓

○ 重建后的臺(tái)兒莊保留了中和堂那個(gè)時(shí)期的建筑風(fēng)格。The rebuilt Taierzhuang retains the architectural style in the period of Zhonghe Hall.

○重建前的中和堂矗立在順河街。Before reconstruction, Zhonghetang stood at Shunhe Street.

Ta ier zhua ng “Zhong heta ng Drugstore” was founded in Ta ier zhua ng Tow n by Qiu Defa and was designated as the Teng County Zhonghetang Drugstore in 1908 (34th year of the Guangxu Period of the Qing Dynasty). As a famous drugstore in Taierzhuang and surrounding areas, it made a historic contribution to the health of people in the entire district.

Since its opening for business,Zhonghetang has always been full of customers. They found the medicine attractive in price and quality, so the store became widely praised and widely-known. Its simple medicine a n d C h i n e s e p a t e n t m e d i c i n e wholesale business was booming,with employees busy in invoicing,price calculation, payment collection,dispensing and packing, eventually replacing that of the time-honored brand – Renshoutang Drugstore.

In March 1938, as the Japanese i nvade r at t ac ke d Ta ie r z hu a ng,Zhonghetang Drugstore was destroyed in the war. In November 1938, Zhang Yukun from Teng County established Dehexiang Drugstore at Taierzhuang Town. In May 1939, Zhonghetang resumed business. However, due to its excessive loss, it gradually gave way to Dehexiang in terms of business.I n 19 49, t h e r e w e r e 25 t i m ehonored TCM stores and 3 western drugstores in Taierzhuang, among which, Zhonghetang and Dehexiang belonged to bigger ones. During the period of joint state-private ownership in January 1956, Zhang Gancai, Manager of Zhonghetang Drugstore, led his 7 employees to join “Taierzhuang State-Pr ivate Zhonghetang Drugstore”.