百年中和堂

文、圖／張嚴新

○重建中的中和堂體現了存古、復古和創古的理念。Zhonghetang under reconstruction reflects the concepts of antique conservation, restoration and creation.

中國醫藥源遠流長，自神農開藥學之先河以來，經歷了數千年的發展歷程，為中華民族的生息繁衍做出了巨大貢獻。

臺兒莊“中和堂藥棧”創辦于1908年（清光緒三十四年），由滕縣中和堂藥棧派邱德法來臺兒莊鎮創辦。坐落在丁字街南頭（今順河街北頭）路東，有門市一座，后為近二畝大院，資金雄厚，藥材齊全，質優價實，享有盛譽，為臺兒莊地區及周邊數十里內之著名藥店，為全區人民健康做出了歷史性的貢獻。

當年在中和堂工作過的李景周老人今年85歲了，現和老伴在臺兒莊金莊小區居住。雖然已到耄耋之年，但是他身板硬朗、精神矍鑠，思維亦非常敏捷。他拿出了一本厚厚的油印《臺兒莊區醫藥志》，憑著清晰的記憶，向我們講述了中和堂的歷史。

臺兒莊中和堂藥棧的資金、人員皆由滕縣中和堂分派，有掌柜、二掌柜、管賬先生、大伙計、二伙計、學徒工、4名專職藥工，還有2名炊事員。創辦之初，領東掌柜為邱德法，時有從業人員17名，人員之多，分工之細，居臺兒莊各藥店之首。

臺兒莊區氣候溫和，雨量充沛，兼有低山丘陵、澇洼和平原三種地形，適宜多種中藥材的生長。中和堂的貨源廣泛，除收購地產藥材和外地藥車送來的藥材外，還經常派專人到天津、上海等城市采購中成藥、西藥和名貴中藥材。中和堂很講究藥材質量，收購時，次貨一律不收，加工時，遵古炮制、一絲不茍。藥棧主要配制六味地黃丸、木香順氣丸、冰硼散、太乙膏、化毒丹等，品種之全為其他藥店所不及。中和堂自開業起就賓客盈門，藥店為招攬生意，狠下了3年工夫，發誓3年內售好藥、不賺錢，藥品都以賤價乃至賠本出售。這期間雇工一應人等的開支均由老板抽取其他收入補濟，來購藥的顧客覺察到中和堂的藥確實貨色好、價格廉，于是人人傳說、廣為知曉。江蘇的邳縣、銅山縣北部地區和蘭陵、蒼山等地皆來此進藥。藥材和中成藥批發業務越做越大，當年門庭若市，銃筒叮當之聲震天響，開票、計價、收款、取藥、包裝，一片繁忙景象，逐漸代替了老字號仁壽堂藥店的批發業務。

中和堂的生意之所以日益興隆，還與其良好的服務態度密切相關。中和堂內設坐堂先生，既出售藥材，又方便群眾看病。每有顧客來店，先由小伙計讓座、獻茶、敬煙，熱情問候，稍事休息，再談購藥事宜。問明后，列單付柜抓藥，分類各包，然后對單驗查，無誤后，方送顧客離店。對遠方來店批發購貨的顧客，除敬煙、獻茶外，還安排吃飯、住宿，晚飯后安排洗澡，為遠方的客人解乏。有時掌柜的還陪顧客逛街、看戲、瀏覽市容，體驗當地風土民情，掌柜抽不出時間時，另派專人作陪，因此，顧客來店皆有“客至如家”之感。中和堂店門兩側當年的對聯為：“中正存心深積德，和平養氣廣生財”，正是靠“積德生財”，中和堂名聲在外，民國初年曾有一軍官說道：“我到過的地方不算少，惟獨臺兒莊有三好：一是中和堂的藥好，二是泰山廟朱家的饃饃好，三是前河崖彭家飯館的菜好。”

○保存下來的墻壁已斑駁，但仍能讓人想象到當年的氣派。Though the preserved wall is mottled, it can still remind us of its style in those years.

○撫摸著斑駁的墻壁，讓人感慨萬千。Touching the mottled wall, you may have all sorts of feelings.

○說起中和堂的歷史，李景周老人津津有味。The old man Li Jingzhou spoke of the history of Zhonghetang with interests.

1938年3月，日本侵略軍進攻臺兒莊，中和堂藥棧毀于戰火。同年11月，滕縣人張玉琨，原為中和堂藥棧的伙計，在臺兒莊鎮丁字街開設了德和祥藥棧。1939年5月，中和堂經過整修后和其他中西藥店（房）陸續恢復營業，但其因損失過大，終未恢復元氣，業務盛勢逐漸讓位于戰后新建的德和祥藥棧。至1949年，臺兒莊地區計有帶堂號的中藥店25家，西藥房3家，其中較大的就是中和堂藥棧和德和祥藥棧。

中華人民共和國成立后，黨和政府非常關心醫藥商業的發展，1956年1月公私合營時，中和堂藥棧經理張干才率職工7人，全店加入了“公私合營臺兒莊中和堂藥店”。

編輯／郭蓓蓓

○ 重建后的臺兒莊保留了中和堂那個時期的建筑風格。The rebuilt Taierzhuang retains the architectural style in the period of Zhonghe Hall.

○重建前的中和堂矗立在順河街。Before reconstruction, Zhonghetang stood at Shunhe Street.

Ta ier zhua ng “Zhong heta ng Drugstore” was founded in Ta ier zhua ng Tow n by Qiu Defa and was designated as the Teng County Zhonghetang Drugstore in 1908 (34th year of the Guangxu Period of the Qing Dynasty). As a famous drugstore in Taierzhuang and surrounding areas, it made a historic contribution to the health of people in the entire district.

Since its opening for business,Zhonghetang has always been full of customers. They found the medicine attractive in price and quality, so the store became widely praised and widely-known. Its simple medicine a n d C h i n e s e p a t e n t m e d i c i n e wholesale business was booming,with employees busy in invoicing,price calculation, payment collection,dispensing and packing, eventually replacing that of the time-honored brand – Renshoutang Drugstore.

In March 1938, as the Japanese i nvade r at t ac ke d Ta ie r z hu a ng,Zhonghetang Drugstore was destroyed in the war. In November 1938, Zhang Yukun from Teng County established Dehexiang Drugstore at Taierzhuang Town. In May 1939, Zhonghetang resumed business. However, due to its excessive loss, it gradually gave way to Dehexiang in terms of business.I n 19 49, t h e r e w e r e 25 t i m ehonored TCM stores and 3 western drugstores in Taierzhuang, among which, Zhonghetang and Dehexiang belonged to bigger ones. During the period of joint state-private ownership in January 1956, Zhang Gancai, Manager of Zhonghetang Drugstore, led his 7 employees to join “Taierzhuang State-Pr ivate Zhonghetang Drugstore”.