山東，在希望的田野上

文／肖慧

很多人說，山東就是中國的縮影，山東也最能代表中國。高山雄峙天東、長河奔涌入海、大海藍潮激蕩，更有色調迥異的城市色彩……山東的經濟社會發展水平自東向西由高到低，恰與中國區域發展水平相吻合。

山東擁有豐富的農業資源，是中國重要的農產品生產基地。農產品出口連續18年全國第一，出口額接近全國1/4，2016年達到162.9億美元，同比增長6.4%?！白叱鋈ァ钡纳綎|農業遍及6大洲的39個國家和地區，涵蓋種植業、養殖業、漁業、農產品加工和農業服務業等多個領域，涉及糧食、棉花、油料、蔬菜、天然橡膠、畜牧養殖、木材采伐與加工、遠洋漁業等多個行業。

截至2016年底，全省對外投資的企業88家，在境外投資設立農業企業109個，國內企業注冊資本207.45億元，境外農業投資存量14.32億美元。

大自然饋贈了這片大地千里沃土，山東人在這片沃土上世代耕耘，創造出豐富多彩的農業生態，煙臺蘋果、萊蕪生姜、章丘大蔥、冠縣鴨梨、壽光蔬菜等道地農產享譽中外，深受消費者喜愛。

源遠流長的農耕文明

山東的農耕文明源遠流長，歷來農業發達。秦漢時期，今山東地區號稱“膏壤千里”；戰國時期，齊國號稱“冠帶衣履天下”。臨淄、定陶、亢父（今濟寧）是漢代三大紡織中心，所產紡織品數量多、質量好，源源不斷地通過“絲綢之路”輸往西域等地。中國古代的四大農書，三部出于山東，被尊為“農圣”的賈思勰著就《齊民要術》對世界農業科技、糧食生產等方面產生了深刻的影響。

《齊民要術》是中國現存最早最完整的一部綜合性農書，也是世界農史上最早最有價值的專著之一。唐宋時期傳到日本，大約在19世紀傳到歐洲。英國學者達爾文（1809-1882）在其名著《物種起源》和《植物和動物在家養下的變異》中就記述了曾參閱過這部“中國古代百科全書”，并援引有關事例為他的著名學說——進化論進行佐證。

擁有著優渥農業資源的山東，以占全國1%的水資源、5.6%的耕地，生產了全國7.6%的糧食、15.6%的蔬菜的山東省，為保障國家糧食安全作出了巨大貢獻。在近期公布的2018農業產業化龍頭企業500強排行榜中，山東入圍企業最多——80家企業成為現代農業發展的引領性力量。

這個一直以農業引以為豪的大省，正在向農業強省邁進。

從產業時代到品牌時代

一提到山東農業，許多人首先想到的，一般都是“規模大、東西多”。確實，從糧食、蔬菜、果品，再到棉花、油料、肉蛋奶、水產品，總之，在這片神奇的齊魯大地上，似乎無所不有，論規模，比產量，都可謂全國數一數二。

但到了消費升級時代，人們逐漸意識到：在產業化的后期，必須通過品牌化，樹立差異化競爭優勢，才能在白熱化的產區競爭中站穩腳跟，并占得一席之地。

于是，作為農業大省的山東，選擇了“重新出發”。

山東率先發布了“齊魯靈秀地、品牌農產品”山東農產品整體品牌形象，并分三批發布了36個區域公用品牌、300個企業產品品牌、25家體驗店，品牌培育取得了明顯成效。

○煙臺蘋果采摘。圖／高遠Picking Yantai apples.

今后，山東省將積極推進優勢資源整合，建立完善品牌培育、發展和監管體系，以區域公共品牌為統領，以行業品牌為支柱，以產品品牌為基礎，依托出口龍頭企業，努力培育一批在國內、國際打得出、叫得響的著名品牌，逐步實現由貼牌出口為主向自主品牌出口為主轉變。

產業化時代，山東通過規模和產量，創造了一個“量”的高地，成為農業產業化的先鋒；而品牌化時代，“齊魯靈秀地、品牌農產品”為山東再造一個“質”的高地，成為農業品牌化的標桿。從量到質，山東將自始至終引領中國現代農業的發展。

高效農業發力“鄉村振興”

作為頭頂“全國農業看山東”光環的農業大省，農業總產值、農業出口總額等8項數據排在全國首位的山東，曾經貢獻了“諸城模式”“濰坊模式”“壽光模式”，創造了不少農村改革發展經驗。

如何在實施鄉村振興戰略的時代大潮中繼續走在前列？

3月8日，習近平總書記參加十三屆全國人大一次會議山東代表團審議時強調，實施鄉村振興戰略是一篇大文章，要統籌謀劃，科學推進。遵循習近平總書記提出的“五個振興”——鄉村產業振興、鄉村人才振興、鄉村文化振興、鄉村生態振興、鄉村組織振興，打造鄉村振興的“齊魯樣板”，匯聚起了1億山東人的力量。

鄉村振興首先要產業興旺。位于濟寧市的金鄉縣,是全國聞名的大蒜之鄉，素有“世界蒜都”的美譽。金鄉常年種植大蒜70萬畝，帶動周邊種植區域超過200萬畝，形成了集科技研發、保鮮貯藏、精深加工、貿易流通等于一體的全產業鏈發展格局。

眼下，一種大蒜膠囊，已從金鄉縣一家企業下線，它把大蒜價值提升了20倍，按照“產業鏈相加、價值鏈相乘、供應鏈相通”，培育壯大農業“新六產”。如今，金鄉大蒜就地加工轉換率超過70%；“互聯網+農業”等新業態帶動大蒜年網上銷售額超過50億元。圍繞一顆大蒜，金鄉已形成農業機械制造、鄉村旅游、大數據等近20個新產業。

○山東水果品類豐富，特色明顯。Shandong has various and characteristic fruits.

拓寬產業鏈，做好大文章，金鄉只是山東“鄉村振興”的一個代表。今天的山東，水果、蔬菜、花卉、茶葉、經濟林等產業遍地開花；于近日出臺的《山東省鄉村振興戰略規劃（2018-2022年）》，也將為擦亮山東農業招牌鋪路架橋。

“一帶一路”送來了新機遇

2013年9月和10月，習近平主席在出訪哈薩克斯坦和印度尼西亞期間，先后提出共建“絲綢之路經濟帶”和“21世紀海上絲綢之路”（簡稱“一帶一路”）的重大倡議，立即得到國際社會的高度關注和廣泛參與。

幾年來的實踐充分證明，加快“一帶一路”建設，促進了沿線各國經濟繁榮與區域經濟合作，加強了不同文明交流互鑒，推動了世界和平發展。

“一帶一路”倡議不僅是中國經濟“新常態”發展的新引擎，也是中國構建“開放型新體制新格局”的戰略框架和戰略抓手。

農業是“一帶一路”沿線國家重點合作領域，半數以上的沿線國適合農業合作，發展農業的需求旺盛而且迫切，市場空間巨大。

“山東的農產品品類豐富，特色明顯，農業綜合生產能力全國領先，主要農產品產量均位居全國前列，我們要抓住‘一帶一路’建設的重大機遇，積極推進與沿線國家的貿易與投資合作，為我省農業對外合作打開更為廣闊的空間?！笔∞r業廳對外合作處工作人員說。

“一帶一路”倡議搭橋，山東與阿聯酋的合作交流，有無限多可能。

編輯/王雪芃

Many people say that Shandong not only is the epitome of China, but also can best represent China.

The large area of fertile land is a gift from nature. The Shandong people have cultivated the fertile land for generations, and created various agro-ecosystems. Such authentic agricultural products as Yantai apples,Laiwu ginger, Zhangqiu green onions,Guan County pears and Shouguang vegetables are renowned at home and abroad, and enjoy popularity among customers.

Long-Standing Farming Civilization

Owning excellent agricultural resources, Shandong produces 7.6% of the grain and 15.6% of the vegetables nationwide in reliance upon its water resources and cultivated land which respectively account for 1% and 5.6%of that of the whole nation, thereby,making a huge contribution to national food security. On the recently published ranking list of Top 500 Leading Enterprises of Agricultural Industrialization of 2018, Shandong has the largest number of shortlisted enterprises – 80 enterprises and has become a leading force for modern agriculture development.

○麥收時節。 圖／張龍Harvest of wheat.

This big province that is always proud of its agriculture is moving towards being a strong province in agriculture.

From Industry Era to Brand Era

Shandong took the lead in publishing the overall brand image of agricultural products of Shandong –“Beautiful Land of Shandong, Brandname Agricultural Products”, and released 36 regional public brands,300 corporate product brands and 25 experience stores in two batches,achieving remarkable results in brand cultivation.

“N e x t, w e s h a l l b o o s t t h e integration of superior resources,and establish and improve a brand cultivation, development and supervision system; with regional public brands as the leader and industry brands as the pillar, based on product brands, strive to cultivate a batch of brands that are renowned at home and abroad, and gradually realize the transformation from the domination by OEM export to the domination by OBM export in reliance upon the export of leading enterprises,” said Wang Dengqi,Deputy Director and Deputy Secretary of the Party Leadership Group of the Shandong Provincial Department of Agriculture, at the Shandong Promotion Conference for External Agricultural Cooperation.

In the industrial era, Shandong created a highland of “Quantity”t h r o u g h s c a l e a n d y i e l d s,becoming a pioneer of agricultural industrialization; in the brand era,“Beautiful Land of Shandong, Brandname Agricultural Products” created another highland of “Quality” for Shandong, becoming a model of agricultural branding. From quantity to quality, Shandong has always been leading the development of China’s modern agriculture.

Efficient Agriculture Boosts “Rural Revitalization”

On March 8, 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed when joining a panel discussion with the Shandong delegation at the First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress, “Implementing the rural revitalization strategy is a great article. We need overall planning and scientific promotion.” Following the“Five Revitalizations” – Revitalization of Rural Industries, Revitalization of Rural Talents, Revitalization of Rural Culture, Revitalization of Rural Ecology and Revitalization of Rural Organizations, Shandong has gathered the strength of 100 million Shandong people in the process of building a “Qilu Model” for rural revitalization.

Rural revitalization first requires thriving industries. Jinxiang County,Jining City, is the nationally renowned Land of Garlic, and enjoys the reputation of “Garlic Capital of the World”. Jinxiang grows 700,000 mu(1mu=0.0667 hectares) of garlic throughout the year, and promotes more than 200 mu of surrounding planting areas, thereby, forming a whole industry chain development pattern that integrates sci-tech R&D,storage & preservation, intensive processing, trade, and so on.

Now, a garlic capsule has been released from an enterprise of Jinxiang. It increases the value of garlic by 20 times. In accordance with “Addition of Industry Chains,Multiplication of Value Chains and Communication on Supply Chains”,Jinxiang cultivates and develops “Six New Industries” of agriculture. Now,Jinxiang garlic has realized the local processing conversion rate of 70%higher; the new business patterns like “Internet + Agriculture” have generated the online garlic sales of over RMB 5 billion. Focusing on a head of garlic, Jinxiang has formed nearly 20 new industries concerning agricultural machinery manufacturing, rural tourism, big data, etc.

“Belt and Road” Initiative Brings New Opportunities

From September to October 2013, during a visit to Kazakhstan and Indonesia, President Xi Jinping proposed the major initiative of jointly building the “Silk Road Economic Belt” and the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” (referred to as the “Belt and Road” initiative), which immediately received much attention from the international community and its extensive participation.

Several years of practice fully proves that the accelerated construction of the “Belt and Road”promotes the economic prosperity and regional economic cooperation among countries along the “Belt and Road”, enhances the exchanges and mutual learning among different civilizations, and boosts world peace and development.

Agriculture is a key cooperation field for countries along the “Belt and Road”. More than half of such countries are suitable for agricultural cooperation. There is a strong and urgent demand for developing agriculture, with huge market space.

“The agricultural products of Shandong have rich varieties and distinct characteristics, and its overall agricultural production capacity is in the leading position nationwide.Besides, Shandong ranks at the forefront of China in terms of the output of major agricultural products.We shall seize the significant opportunity of the ‘Belt and Road’construction, and actively promote the trade and investment cooperation with countries along the ‘Belt and Road’ to open wider space for the external agricultural cooperation of our Province,” said the spokesperson of the Foreign Cooperation Office,Shandong Provincial Department of Agriculture.

The “Belt and Road” initiative serves as a bridge, and brings inf i nite possibilities to the cooperation and exchanges between Shandong and Dubai.