中國(guó)石榴王（琉璃）：色彩斑斕 精妙絕倫

文／柴軍

2013年的第三屆中國(guó)國(guó)際輕工消費(fèi)品展覽會(huì)上，博山琉璃最為搶眼，博山區(qū)中國(guó)玻璃（琉璃）藝術(shù)大師王乃寶被授予“中國(guó)石榴王（琉璃）”的殊榮。

王乃寶，1939年出生于博山，1953年開(kāi)始從事琉璃研發(fā)與制造工作。受前輩們的悉心指導(dǎo)，他廣泛涉足琉璃制作領(lǐng)域，而尤以燈工擅長(zhǎng)；1964年被國(guó)家二輕部選派赴捷克留學(xué)深造，上世紀(jì)70年代后專(zhuān)注于燈工，是全省琉璃行業(yè)燈工造型的代表性人物。

燈工是一項(xiàng)考驗(yàn)溫度和耐心的技藝，燈工匠人將五顏六色的琉璃料條放在近千度的火焰中加熱，使之快速熔化，然后借助鉗子、刀片等工具進(jìn)行塑形。火候、形狀、色彩都是對(duì)匠人的考驗(yàn)。石榴由于籽粒眾多，色彩駁雜，工藝相當(dāng)繁復(fù)，一直被認(rèn)為是燈工界中的巨大挑戰(zhàn)，非有高超技藝之人不敢問(wèn)津。

王乃寶僅憑紅、藍(lán)、黃、白、綠幾個(gè)常用的基本色彩的玻璃料棒，就能調(diào)和出五彩繽紛的琉璃世界。燈工中顏色運(yùn)用最忌諱呆板，同樣是綠色翅膀，螳螂的翅膀碧綠如玉，而蟈蟈的短翅則于綠中略帶褐黃，臥在石榴上的蝗蟲(chóng)則是青里泛白，其作品帶來(lái)生機(jī)的同時(shí)絕不破壞清雅色調(diào)。石榴籽，如果是通紅一簇，固然艷麗無(wú)比，但真的石榴籽，粒粒都是自根部起從白色、粉白漸變到鮮艷的玫瑰紅；石榴殼，也絕不是由單調(diào)的紅色組成，而是在紅色之中包含著靛青，在石榴尾部甚至還有點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的暗黑應(yīng)和著青色石榴須，那是成熟石榴的標(biāo)志性顏色……王乃寶像魔術(shù)師一般，用畢生精力把大自然色彩移植到了原本冷冰冰的琉璃上，幻化出足以亂真的藝術(shù)世界。

○琉璃燈工作品《眾籽石榴》Lampworking work Pomegranate with Numerous Seeds

燈工技藝與國(guó)畫(huà)工筆寫(xiě)實(shí)十分相近，作為燈工界扛鼎人物，王乃寶以極強(qiáng)的藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)力被盛贊為“博山琉璃的一張名片”。《五谷豐登》《南瓜蟈蟈》……他的作品陳列室里，除了《眾籽石榴》外，還有諸多凝聚著其心血的技藝精湛、造型別致、富有博山濃郁文化特色的燈工精品。他用琉璃代替照相機(jī)，給無(wú)緣感受田園風(fēng)光的人帶去了無(wú)限遐想。而讓他引以為豪的還有一件事情，那就是因琉璃而在馬耳他度過(guò)的一段美好時(shí)光。

1974年6月，受周恩來(lái)總理委托，王乃寶作為援助馬耳他技術(shù)小組組長(zhǎng)，帶隊(duì)登上了去地中海的飛機(jī)。期間，他設(shè)計(jì)完成了琉璃魚(yú)、圣誕樹(shù)等援外琉璃產(chǎn)品100余種，其中水柱魚(yú)花瓶、海鷗煙缸等被原輕工部評(píng)為優(yōu)秀作品，《花籃葡萄》被視作鎮(zhèn)廠之寶。一次，馬耳他玻璃廠接到一項(xiàng)特殊任務(wù)：按照該國(guó)工黨標(biāo)徽做件玻璃制品。全廠工人束手無(wú)策，王乃寶念念不忘“是人家?guī)驮圻M(jìn)入了聯(lián)合國(guó)”“要為國(guó)爭(zhēng)光”等周總理對(duì)他的囑托，于是挺身而出，足足花了一周時(shí)間，親自操刀才將手舉火炬、后置紅白十字旗的工黨黨徽做了出來(lái)。隨后，他又出色地完成了作為馬耳他出訪比利時(shí)外交禮物的比利時(shí)國(guó)徽。時(shí)任馬耳他總理的明托夫?qū)@兩件精品驚嘆不已，執(zhí)意在家中設(shè)宴并親自下廚款待王乃寶。

“中國(guó)石榴王（琉璃）”不僅是對(duì)王乃寶本人，更是對(duì)博山琉璃藝術(shù)最大的肯定和褒獎(jiǎng)。

編輯／欒小惠

○《眾籽石榴》Pomegranate with Numerous Seeds

At the Third China International Light Industry Consumer Products Exhibition in 2013, the colored glaze of Boshan was the most eye-catching. Wang Naibao, Chinese Glass (Colored Glaze) Art Master of Boshan, was awarded the title of “King of Pomegranate (Colored Glaze) in China”.

Wang Naibao, born in the mountain city Boshan in 1939, began engaging in colored glaze R&D and manufacturing in 1953, and became a representative of lampworking and modeling in the colored glaze industry of Shandong Province. Lampworking is a technique that tests both temperature and patience. Lampworking craftsmen(glassblowers) place colorful glass strips on 1000°C flames to melt them rapidly;then, conduct shaping in reliance upon such tools as pliers and blades. Flame temperature, shape and color are all tests for craftsmen. The pomegranate craftwork with numerous seeds and mottled colors requires a complicated process. Thus, it has always been deemed as a huge challenge in the lampworking circles. Only highly-skilled craftsmen can make an attempt.

As a giant in the lampworking circles, Wang Naibao has highlevel lampworking skills which are similar to the traditional Chinese realistic painting. With strong artistic expression, he is praised as an “Image Icon of Boshan Colored Glaze”. In his exhibition room, in addition to the Pomegranate with Numerous Seeds, there are numerous fine blown glass works that are technologically exquisite, chic in modeling and filled with the strong cultural characteristics of Boshan. He uses colored glaze in place of a camera to bring infinite imagination to those who have no chance to experience the rural scenery.