當(dāng)傳統(tǒng)剪紙遇上年輕人

戚永曄

火熱的夏天，常常有著讓人熱情如火的活動(dòng)。

日前，杭州市民中心舉辦了一場(chǎng)名為“廉值千金心向黨”剪紙藝術(shù)展，把當(dāng)代價(jià)值觀融入傳統(tǒng)剪紙藝術(shù)，引來(lái)許多熱心市民的關(guān)注，和許多剪紙藝術(shù)家的參與。

他們中，有年屆古稀的老藝術(shù)家，也有富于朝氣的中青年藝術(shù)家。其中有一位年輕人，尤其讓人眼睛一亮。他叫方侃源，1998年出生的他今年才剛滿20歲，一幅《廉潔向黨》的作品，贏得了觀眾和評(píng)委的諸多好評(píng)。然而，這位年輕人心中有個(gè)更大的夢(mèng)想——建立一個(gè)中國(guó)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)剪紙?bào)w驗(yàn)館，讓更多的人感受剪紙藝術(shù)的魅力。

傳承：埋下種子

時(shí)間倒回到2006年，這一年5月，剪紙藝術(shù)經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)列入《第一批國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄》。

消息傳到浙西小城建德，讓許多久居在這里的老人激動(dòng)了。“終于等到了這一天。”時(shí)年72歲的當(dāng)?shù)丶艏埨纤嚾恕⒄憬∶佬g(shù)家協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)員、浙江省剪紙研究會(huì)會(huì)員葉向南這樣回憶。

建德剪紙由來(lái)已久，《嚴(yán)州建德縣志》就記載了有名有姓擅長(zhǎng)剪紙的名手：“林文耀，字綱齋，幼即工書，中年失明，乃剪紙為字，勢(shì)飛動(dòng)若龍蛇，點(diǎn)畫不差毫發(fā)。室人裝裱成軸，易薪米以自給，人稱之曰‘林剪。”可見在當(dāng)時(shí)，建德剪紙藝術(shù)已經(jīng)非常精湛。

這種技藝，被一代代傳承到今天，在建德當(dāng)?shù)赜辛藦V泛的群眾基礎(chǔ)。葉向南說(shuō)，2000年左右，他退休之后，就開始在老年大學(xué)開辦剪紙班，反響熱烈。

方侃源的奶奶，也是當(dāng)?shù)責(zé)釔奂艏埖睦先酥弧７劫┰磁c剪紙的初次邂逅，也正是由奶奶促成的。

“小時(shí)候，父母都在外地工作，所以我跟著奶奶比較多。當(dāng)時(shí)看著奶奶剪紙，一雙巧手在剪刀和紅紙之間翻飛，覺得特別有意思，就央求奶奶教我。”方侃源說(shuō)，雖然父母對(duì)他學(xué)剪紙這件事比較反對(duì)，認(rèn)為這是“女孩子玩的”，但還是敵不過(guò)他的熱情和奶奶的寵愛。于是，一顆剪紙的種子就此埋下。

發(fā)展：四處為師

上學(xué)后，方侃源接觸到更大的空間。他接受了系統(tǒng)的美術(shù)教育，還在學(xué)校的社團(tuán)里參加剪紙活動(dòng)，從簡(jiǎn)單的剪紙開始，到有難度的人物、風(fēng)景剪紙，再到模仿一些經(jīng)典的剪紙作品，他好學(xué)不倦。老師對(duì)這個(gè)喜歡畫畫、喜歡剪紙、勤奮又愛提問(wèn)的小男孩印象深刻。不久，方侃源就在學(xué)校舉辦的剪紙比賽中，嶄露頭角。他甚至還拜在葉向南大師的門下成為弟子。

那次比賽展現(xiàn)了他的剪紙?zhí)旆郑哺鼒?jiān)定了他學(xué)下去的信念，他的手再也沒(méi)有放下過(guò)剪刀。不久，方侃源在剪紙道路上收獲了一張又一張的獎(jiǎng)狀。2014年，初中畢業(yè)的暑假里，方侃源自告奮勇來(lái)到杭州少年宮實(shí)習(xí)，“近距離旁聽了杭州剪紙老師的授課。”2017年高中畢業(yè)后，他更是再次來(lái)到杭州，在一家文創(chuàng)企業(yè)擔(dān)任服裝設(shè)計(jì)助理。“剪紙很考驗(yàn)美術(shù)和設(shè)計(jì)功底，這些實(shí)踐和學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷，讓我獲益匪淺。”方侃源說(shuō)。

上大學(xué)后，方侃源選擇了環(huán)境藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)，這門包含了建筑設(shè)計(jì)、室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)、公共藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)、景觀設(shè)計(jì)等內(nèi)容的學(xué)科，“本質(zhì)上與剪紙中的空間設(shè)計(jì)、平面設(shè)計(jì)相同，這也算是剪紙帶給我的人生選擇。”

遠(yuǎn)航：賦予新生

漸漸地，方侃源已經(jīng)不再滿足于學(xué)校老師教的知識(shí)，他加入了中國(guó)剪紙QQ群，微信上也加了越來(lái)越多志同道合的朋友，因此結(jié)識(shí)了很多“忘年交”。今年2月，上大學(xué)后的第一個(gè)寒假，他又來(lái)到杭州松葉畫室，舉辦剪紙活動(dòng)。

如今的方侃源，無(wú)論是在學(xué)校還是在村子里，都算得上是一位小名人了，大家都知道他有一手剪紙的好手藝。與同齡人不同的是，在別人看電視、玩電腦的時(shí)候，他一般都是在上網(wǎng)尋找剪紙的素材，遇到中意的就會(huì)畫在紙上，再剪出來(lái)。他還訂閱了《中國(guó)剪紙》《民間剪紙》等書報(bào)刊物，剪紙?jiān)谒罾锇缪萘酥匾巧?/p>

去年，村里有位大爺請(qǐng)方侃源給自己畫一幅孔子像掛在中堂。方侃源腦筋一轉(zhuǎn)，“剪紙的線條應(yīng)該更能體現(xiàn)人像的生動(dòng)性。”于是，他剪了一個(gè)1米3大小的孔子剪紙，一時(shí)間在村里被傳為佳話。

讓人意外的是，采訪終了，方侃源還向筆者展示了一份《“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)商業(yè)計(jì)劃書》。他說(shuō)，這是他參加大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)大賽專門制作的，“這里面有些是計(jì)劃，有些已經(jīng)付諸實(shí)施。”翻看這份計(jì)劃書，一個(gè)年輕人振興傳統(tǒng)非遺的目標(biāo)躍然紙上：除了傳統(tǒng)的剪紙裝飾之外，他希望把剪紙藝術(shù)融入時(shí)裝、打造剪紙教育培訓(xùn)產(chǎn)業(yè)和體驗(yàn)館、開發(fā)剪紙旅游產(chǎn)品，這些內(nèi)容，都有詳細(xì)的市場(chǎng)分析、技術(shù)分析、產(chǎn)品周期分析、營(yíng)銷策略分析，充滿了年輕人的創(chuàng)意和夢(mèng)想。

最值得一提的是，計(jì)劃書里，方侃源還籌劃建立一個(gè)中國(guó)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)剪紙?bào)w驗(yàn)館。他說(shuō)，體驗(yàn)館的想法最早來(lái)源于他想開家剪紙店，售賣剪紙工藝品，后來(lái)，他又想加入互動(dòng)、培訓(xùn)的元素，引發(fā)普通人對(duì)剪紙的興趣。“我打算大三開學(xué)就著手創(chuàng)辦這家剪紙?bào)w驗(yàn)館，邀請(qǐng)對(duì)剪紙有興趣的同學(xué)和朋友一起參與合作，爭(zhēng)取畢業(yè)的時(shí)候做成功。”方侃源希望，這個(gè)籌劃中的體驗(yàn)館能吸引男女老少各種剪紙愛好者，特別是中小學(xué)生的參與，“讓更多的人體驗(yàn)剪紙之美。”

“為什么選擇剪紙這條路呢？”當(dāng)聽了筆者最后一個(gè)問(wèn)題，方侃源的回答很有意思：“其實(shí)，除了剪紙之外，我還喜歡傳統(tǒng)戲曲，喜歡所有中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的文化，剪紙里的那些飛禽、鳥獸，除了表達(dá)作者心境之外，更與中國(guó)古老的刺繡、戲曲相通。我相信這些傳統(tǒng)文化能被傳承下去，并會(huì)被年輕人賦予新的生命。”

或許，方侃源的看法，也是今天更多參與傳統(tǒng)文化復(fù)興的年輕人的信念。

Traditional Art in Youthful Hands

By Qi Yongye， our special reporter

In May 2006， paper-cutting was inscribed on Chinas first list of national intangible cultural heritage， issued by the State Council. When the news reached Jiande， a small city in the distant southwestern suburb of Hangzhou， many old paper-cutting artists in Jiande became excited. Ye Xiangnan， then 72 years old， recalled， “At last！ Here is the day my favorite art is acknowledged by the state！” He was not alone when he said this. Ye is a member of Zhejiang Artists Association and member of the Zhejiang Paper-cutting Art Study Society.

Paper-cutting in Jiande goes back to ancient times. The art has been carried on by grassroots enthusiasts. Ye retired in 2000 and started teaching a paper-cutting course at the citys school for senior citizens. The course attracted many local people.

In early July 2018， Hangzhou held a paper-cutting art exhibition featuring the theme of anti-corruption and honest government. Fang Kanyuan， a native of Jiande， presented his paper-cutting artwork at the exhibition. The artwork was perfect， but more eye-catching was the young paper-cut artist. Born in 1998， he is just 20 years old.

His grandmother took care of him in his childhood as his parents worked away from home. The grandmother is a paper-cutter artist. The kid marveled at a paper-cutting artwork image emerging through his grandmothers amazing fingers and scissors. Hooked by the magic art， he asked his grandmother to teach him. His parents objected， citing paper-cutting was only for girls. But the grandmother loved the boy and taught him anyway.

When he was old enough for school， he learned art systematically. He won a few top prizes at primary school. He began to take lessons from Ye Xiangnan， one of the best paper-cutting artists in Jiande. In the summer of 2014， he came to Hangzhou and took a paper-cutting course at a childrens center. During the summer vacation of 2017 before his college years started， he worked in Hangzhou for a while as an assistant to a fashion designer in a creative business. He studies environmental art and design at college. He thinks his capabilities in paper-cutting help him a great deal in his college studies. “After all， these subjects are similar to spatial design and graphic design in paper-cutting，“ commented Fang. “I owe this opportunity to paper-cutting.”

Fang has long been a celebrity in schools and in his village. He dedicates his spare time to the art and to online research for raw material and inspiration. When he finds something interesting， he makes a drawing and then makes a paper-cutting. He subscribes to professional journals to advance his skills and perception. Paper-cutting plays a big part in his life.

As he is becoming a more advanced paper-cutting artist， he has joined a group of paper-cutting enthusiasts through an internet social platform. In February， the first winter break in his college studies， Fang came to an art studio and held paper-cutting activities. In 2017， a grandfather in his village asked him to draw a portrait of Confucius. The portrait was intended to be a centerpiece in the sitting room of the house. The young artist wondered about a paper-cutting portrait. He thought it was a good idea. Eventually he created a portrait of Confucius in a paper-cutting that measures 1.3 meters long and wide. The portrait on the wall in the gracious sitting room caused a sensation in the village. Residents flocked to take a look.

Fang is going to start the second year in college this upcoming September. And he has made a business plan to further promote paper-cutting as intangible cultural heritage. He plans to introduce paper-cutting into fashion and develop paper-cutting souvenirs for tourists. However， his key interest is to set up a hands-on paper-cutting studio in the third college year and hopes to make it a success when he graduates from college. The studio will serve as a training center for people to see how paper-cutting is done and try their hands at making a paper-cutting piece.

When asked why he picks paper-cutting as his future career， Fang said he likes traditional theater and all other traditional arts. Paper-cutting is closely associated with embroidery and theater. “I believe these traditional arts will be carried on to the future and will get a new life through the hands of young people，” he said.