近淺埋煤層綜采工作面礦壓顯現規律實測研究

賀奎 何青松

摘 要：本文針對鄂爾多斯地區典型近淺埋煤層的實際地質情況，在現場礦壓實測的基礎上，結合理論分析、數值模擬和現場實測研究方法，對近淺埋煤層大采高工作面礦壓規律進行研究。研究發現：該近淺埋煤層工作面上覆巖層中存在兩個關鍵層，這兩個關鍵層之間的相互作用對礦山壓力顯現起到關鍵作用。近淺埋采場來壓歷時較短且動載明顯，采場周期來壓步距和來壓強度均呈現非均勻性周期變化。

關鍵詞：近淺埋煤層；綜采；礦壓顯現；數值模擬；雙關鍵層

中圖分類號：TD323 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1003-5168（2018）07-0076-03

Practical Measure Research on Strata-pressure Appearance of

Long-wall Working Face in Near Shallow Seam

HE Kui HE Qingsong

（China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Chongqing Research Institute，Chongqing 400039）

Abstract： Aiming at the real geological conditions of the typical near shallow coal seam in Ordos region，the minings pressure behavior and the motion characteristic of its overlying rock strata of the near shallow coal seam with high mining height was studied by means of theoretical analysis， numerical simulation and field monitoring data analysis. This study showed that there were two key-stratas above the longwall working face in typical near shallow coal seam， and the interactions between the two key strata played a major role in the strata behaviors. There are obvious strata behaviors in near shallow face which have shorter duration and violent dynamic loading phenomenon and the periodic caving span and weighting intensity working face have a periodic change.

Keywords： near shallow seam；fully-mechanized mining；strata behavior；numerical simulation；double-key strata

能源安全是國家經濟安全的基本支撐，煤炭工業是關系國家經濟命脈和能源安全的基礎產業[1，2]。在中國各省預測地質儲量中，僅西部地區新疆、內蒙古、陜西和陜西4?。▍^）的儲量就占全國煤炭資源總儲量的79.56%[3]。其中，有相當一部分煤田主要開采距地表較淺的煤層，最典型的是神府和東勝煤田，是我國目前已探明儲量最大的煤田[4，5]。

通常情況下，將具有淺埋深、基巖薄和上覆厚松散層賦存特征的煤層稱為淺埋煤層[4]。礦壓顯現規律是綜采關鍵技術的主要組成部分，特別是在淺埋深、大采高條件下，有時礦壓顯現劇烈、頂板來壓強度大[6]，若不加以有效控制，則會嚴重影響生產的正常進行。因此，掌握近淺埋工作面礦壓顯現規律，是進行近淺埋煤層頂板控制的基礎和安全開采的前提[7-9]。

1 工程概況和關鍵層判斷

本次研究選取鄂爾……