2057份出生缺陷預防知識調查問卷分析

周青 傅雅麗 張瑞金 劉帥妹 林寧 吳玉璘 許豪勤

[摘要] 目的 了解江蘇部分地區人群對出生缺陷預防知識知曉情況及其態度與獲取途徑，為出生缺陷一級預防宣傳教育提供依據。 方法 采用問卷調查的形式，從2016年11月～2017年6月對江蘇鎮江、泰興、睢寧和連云港4個地區人群進行問卷調查，內容包括個人特征、出生缺陷預防知識及知識來源等。 結果 本次調查共發放2143份問卷，其中有效問卷2057份，有效率為96.0%。調查結果顯示，調查對象的出生缺陷預防知識知曉率6.6%～96.7%，其中男性知曉率為4.9%～96.3%，女性知曉率為7.3%～96.9%；不同文化程度，家庭人均年收入以及不同職業對知識的知曉情況存在差異，部分問題的知曉率隨著文化程度的增高而增加（P < 0.05）；不同職業中干部、教師和醫生的知曉率高于工人、農民和商人等其他職業（P < 0.05）；知曉率隨家庭人均年收入增高而增加（P < 0.05）。預防知識獲取主要途徑為報紙、廣播電視和宣傳資料，90.2%的調查對象希望得到出生缺陷預防相關知識。 結論 需加大出生缺陷預防知識的宣傳，提供因人而異的宣傳教育，提供便捷有效的知識獲取途徑，提高群眾出生缺陷預防知識的認知水平。

[關鍵詞] 出生缺陷；一級預防；知曉率；文化水平

[中圖分類號] R169.1 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210（2018）06（c）-0040-05

[Abstract] Objective To understand the status of knowledge， attitude and demands of birth defect prevention among the responds in Jiangsu Province in order to provide the bases for the service modes of primary prevention work of birth defect. Methods A survey was made among the responds from Zhenjiang， Taixing， Suining and Lianyungang from November 2016 to June 2017， and the contents of questionnaire contained personal characteristics， the knowledge of birth defect prevention and sources of knowledge. Results A total of 2143 questionnaires were collected and the valid questionnaires were 2057， with an effective rate of 96.0%. The survey indicated that the levels of the knowledge of birth defect prevention were 6.6%-96.7%. The male awareness rates were 4.9%-96.3% and the female awareness rates were 7.3%-96.9%. The levels of knowledge of birth defect prevention varied in different education level， per capita annual income of the family and careers. The awareness rates of the some items were increased with the education level （P < 0.05）. The awareness rates of some items of cadres， teachers and doctors were higher than that of labors， farmers， businessmen and the other careers （P < 0.05）. The awareness rates of some items were increased with per capita annual income of the family （P < 0.05）. The responds understood the knowledge mainly through newspapers， radio and television and publicity materials and 90.2% of them wanted to get knowledge of birth defect prevention. Conclusion It is important to increase the publicity of birth defects prevention knowledge and provide the education varying from person to person， and a convenient and effective way of knowledge acquisition to improve the levels of the knowledge of birth defect prevention.

[Key words] Birth defect； Primary prevention； Awareness rate； Education level

出生缺陷是一種先天性疾病，其是指嬰兒在出生前身體結構，代謝或功能發生異常。環境因素和基因突變、染色體畸變等遺傳因素，也可由這兩者相互作用或者一些未知的原因引起嬰兒發育異常導致出生缺陷[1]。出生缺陷通常表現為染色體異常、先天畸形、功能異常如聾、啞、智力障礙和遺傳代謝疾病等[2]。根據《中國出生缺陷防治報告（2012）》統計[3]，我國是出生缺陷高發的國家，出生缺陷發生率達到4%～5%，按照每年2000萬嬰兒降生，有80萬～100萬出生缺陷[4]。出生缺陷是導致早期流產、死胎、圍生兒死亡、嬰幼兒死亡和先天殘疾的主要原因，不但嚴重危害兒童生存和生活質量，影響家庭幸福和諧，也會造成巨大的潛在壽命損失和社會經濟負擔，因此必須加強出生缺陷預防相關知識的宣傳教育。本次調查擬了解江蘇部分地區人群對出生缺陷預防知識知曉情況，態度及獲取途徑，為出生缺陷一級預防宣傳教育提供依據。