夏美玲 魯秀梅 任琴琴 柯思佳 錢春桃 陳勁楓
摘 要: 以薄皮甜瓜新品種(系)‘G6×4為試材,研究葉面噴施不同濃度有機硒肥對薄皮甜瓜香氣成分和營養品質的影響。以噴施清水為CK(對照),葉片噴施有機硒濃度分別為6、12、18、24和30 mg·L-1。結果表明,有機硒肥處理對甜瓜果實的香氣種類和含量具有顯著的影響。乙酸己酯、2,3-丁二醇-二乙酸酯、3-(甲硫基)乙酸丙酯、辛醇、3-羥基丁酮等特征香氣成分的含量隨著有機硒肥處理先升高后下降,在有機硒質量濃度12~18 mg·L-1處理下,甜瓜果實的特征香氣成分含量相對較高。有機硒質量濃度18~24 mg·L-1時,有助于甜瓜果實可溶性固形物等營養物質含量的提高。綜上所述,葉面噴施18 mg·L-1有機硒是提高薄皮甜瓜香氣成分和營養品質的適宜施硒處理。
關鍵詞: 薄皮甜瓜; 有機硒肥; 香氣成分; 營養品質
Abstract: A foliar spraying experiment was carried out to study the effects of organic selenium fertilization on the aromatic compounds and nutritional quality of the ‘G 6-4oriental sweet melon fruits. Spraying the same amount of water was set as CK (control) in the spraying concentration test, organic selenium with different concentration(6, 12, 18, 24 or 30 mg·L-1)were respectively applied on the leaves of the oriental sweet melon. The results showed that under the different organic selenium levels, the varieties and contents of the fruits' aromatic compounds were significantly different. The contents of the characteristic aromatic compounds, such as acetic acid-hexyl ester, 2, 3-Butanediol-diacetate, 3-(Methylthio) propyl acetate and 1-octanol, were increased at first and then decreased under the increase of the organic selenium application levels. Under the 12-18 mg·L-1 organic selenium level, the contents of the characteristic aromatic compounds were relatively high. The level of organic selenium (18-24 mg·L-1) was helpful to improve the nutrient content of fruits. In conclusion, spraying 18 mg·L-1 organic selenium on the leaf surface was a suitable organic selenium treatment for improving the aroma components and nutritional quality of oriental sweet melon.
Key words: Oriental sweet melons; Organic selenium fertilization; Aromatic compounds; Nutritional quality
薄皮甜瓜(Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino)是中國重要的甜瓜品種資源,以其特有的香氣、優良的口感和獨特美觀的外觀深受廣大消費者歡迎。硒是人體必須的14種微量元素之一,具有抗癌、抗衰老、提高免疫力的作用[1]。此外,硒對自身免疫性甲狀腺疾病、心血管疾病、糖尿病、病毒感染、癌癥等均有一定的調節作用[2]。由于硒的特殊作用以及硒缺乏癥發生在世界上的許多地區,特別是在中國、非洲、印度和東歐[3],因此,從食物中攝取硒成為了人體補硒的重要途徑。硒分為無機硒和有機硒兩種,無機硒不能被人體直接利用,只能通過有機硒的方式來補充人體內的硒。瓜菜中的硒都是以有機硒的形態存在的,這種硒對于生命健康是最直接有效的[4],富硒甜瓜的一大特點是有很強的保健作用,能極大提高各種生理功能。……