12個南瓜品種果實營養成分含量的測定與分析

王士苗 智利紅 劉駿 王金艷 李林峰 李新崢

摘 要： 為選育具有特定營養保健功能的南瓜品種，測定了12個中國南瓜品種果實中營養成分含量（總糖、還原糖、淀粉、氨基酸、水分）及8種礦質元素成分含量，并進行變異性、相關性分析。結果表明，‘蜜豐的還原糖和總糖、淀粉含量（ω）最高，分別為1.59、1.97、1.16 g·100 g-1；‘蜜本3號的氨基酸含量最高，為0.69 g·100 g-1；‘改良蜜本的水分含量最高，達到94.06%。各營養成分中氨基酸含量的變異系數最大為32.43%，水分變異系數最小為4.34%。總糖與還原糖含量呈極顯著性正相關，相關系數為0.978，氨基酸與水分含量存在較顯著的正相關，相關系數為0.576。南瓜果實礦質元素含量中鉀的含量最高，平均為2 121.58 μg·g-1，錳的含量最低，平均為1.69 μg·g-1，其中錳的變異系數最大，為77.53%，最小的為銅，為11.38%。鈣與鉀存在顯著的負相關，錳與鋅存在顯著的正相關，錳與鈉存在極顯著的正相關。

關鍵詞： 中國南瓜； 品種； 營養成分； 相關性分析

Abstract： The study measured the nutrients （contents of total sugar， reducing sugar， starch， amino acid and water） contents and eight kinds of mineral elements in 12 varieties of Cucurbita moschata， and tried to evaluate the variation coefficient and intervarietal correlation to provid the theoretical basis for pumpkin varieties breeding with specific nutrition and health functions. The results showed that the ‘Mifeng had the highest contents of reducing sugar， total sugar and starch content， with 1.59 g·100 g-1， 1.97 g·100 g-1， 1.16 g·100 g-1 respectively， ‘Miben No. 3 had the highest amino acid content of 0.69 g·100 g-1. ‘Gailiangmiben had the highest moisture content， reaching 94.06%. Among nutrient components， amino acid had the maximum variation coefficient， was 32.43%， moisture had the minimum coefficient of variation， was 4.34%. Total sugar and reducing sugar content was very significant positive correlation， the correlation coefficient was 0.978， there was a significant positive correlation between amino acid and water content， and the correlation coefficient was 0.576. The content of K was highest， with 2 121.58 μg·g-1， the content of Mn was lowest， with 1.69 μg·g-1. Mn had the maximum coefficient of variation， was 77.53%， and Cu had the minimum coefficient of variation， was 11.38% . There was a significant negative correlation between Ca and K， a significant positive correlation between Mn and Zn，and a very significant positive correlation between Mn and Na.

Key words： Cucurbita moschata； Varieties； Nutritional components； Correlation analysis

南瓜屬植物栽培種主要包括中國南瓜 （Cucurbita moschata Duch.）、印度南瓜 （C. maxima Duch.）、美洲南瓜 （C. pepo L.）、黑籽南瓜 （C. ficifolia Bouche）、墨西哥南瓜 （C. mixta pang）。我國主要栽培3種，中國南瓜、印度南瓜和美洲南瓜[1]。由于栽培歷史悠久、分布地域廣泛再加上自然進化及人工選育等原因，南瓜種質資源十分豐富，且每個栽培品種都有多個類型及品種[2]。

南瓜果實中含有糖類、蛋白質、多種氨基酸、類胡蘿卜素、多種維生素、礦物質及豐富的膳食纖維，有良好的保健功能[3-4]。但由于南瓜品種繁多，品種間差異較大，并且營養成分的含量也隨品種的不同具有極顯著差異[5-6]，這也使南瓜的品質育種具有廣泛的種質資源。……