孫利萍 趙增壽 高敏麗 史亮 趙銀平 李倩
摘 要: 以番茄新品種‘西潤(rùn)2007為試材,選擇雞糞(667 m2分別施用4 000、6 000、8 000 kg)、羊糞(667 m2分別施用4 000、6 000、8 000 kg)2種基肥處理,以化肥硫酸鉀+過(guò)磷酸鈣(667 m2分別施用20+100 kg、30+100 kg、40+100 kg)為對(duì)照,探討不同有機(jī)肥種類及施用量對(duì)日光溫室番茄產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響。結(jié)果表明,同一種類基肥,番茄果實(shí)糖酸比隨著施肥量的增加而降低,番茄紅素、維生素C、β-胡蘿卜素含量呈現(xiàn)先升高后降低趨勢(shì)。施用雞糞和羊糞可以提高番茄產(chǎn)量及果實(shí)風(fēng)味品質(zhì)和營(yíng)養(yǎng)品質(zhì);在667 m2施羊糞4 000 kg條件下,番茄產(chǎn)量最高(7 627 kg),番茄果實(shí)糖酸比最高(9.61);667 m2施雞糞6 000 kg條件下,番茄產(chǎn)量位居第二(7 373 kg),但番茄果實(shí)可溶性糖含量(3.1%)、有機(jī)酸含量(0.5%)、維生素C含量(0.24 mg·kg-1)和β-胡蘿卜素含量(0.17%)均處于最高水平。
關(guān)鍵詞: 番茄; 有機(jī)肥; 雞糞; 羊糞; 產(chǎn)量; 品質(zhì)
Abstract: In order to study the effect of different base fertilizers on the yield and quality of tomato, a new tomato variety ‘Xi run 2007 was used as material in this research, different fertilizer levels of chicken manure (4 000 kg, 6 000 kg, 8 000 kg per 667 m2), goat manure(4 000 kg, 6 000 kg, 8 000 kg per 667 m2) were carried out and chemical fertilizer potassium sulfate +calcium superphosphate(20+100 kg, 30+100 kg, 40+100 kg per 667 m2) was used as control. The results showed that, under the same kind of basal fertilizer treatments, the sugar acid ratio decreased, while the contents of lycopene, Vitamin C and β-carotene increased first and then decreased with the increasing of fertilization. Chicken manure and goat manure could improve tomato yield, fruit flavor quality and nutritional quality. The yield (7 627 kg per 667 m2) and the sugar acid ratio (9.61) were the highest when applying 4 000 kg chicken manure on 667 m2. The yield was second (7 373 kg per 667 m2), however the contents of soluble sugar(3.1%), organic acid(0.5%), Vitamin C(0.24 mg·kg-1), β-carotene (0.17%) were the highest when applying 6 000 kg chicken manure per 667 m2.
Key words: Tomato;Organic fertilizer;Chicken manure;Goat Manure;Yield;Quality
番茄是我國(guó)設(shè)施蔬菜栽培面積最大的作物之一,其經(jīng)濟(jì)效益高,風(fēng)味獨(dú)特,營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富,深受消費(fèi)者喜愛[1]。然而,設(shè)施番茄在肥料使用上存在長(zhǎng)期使用化肥、過(guò)量施肥等問(wèn)題,造成番茄果實(shí)品質(zhì)不高,農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染嚴(yán)重[2]。研究表明,有機(jī)肥富含有機(jī)質(zhì)和作物生長(zhǎng)必需的養(yǎng)分 [3-4],施用有機(jī)肥可以有效提高蔬菜產(chǎn)量,改善蔬菜品質(zhì)[5-6]。我國(guó)有機(jī)肥資源豐富,種類繁多,各地區(qū)不同種類有機(jī)肥的養(yǎng)分含量狀況不同,施用效果和施用量也有所差異[7]。因此,研究當(dāng)?shù)赜袡C(jī)肥品種和合理施用量對(duì)蔬菜品質(zhì)影響的有著重大意義。筆者以當(dāng)?shù)貎?yōu)勢(shì)資源雞糞、羊糞為有機(jī)肥試材,以常規(guī)施肥(硫酸鉀+磷肥)為對(duì)照,研究了三者在不同用量下對(duì)番茄產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響,旨在為促進(jìn)關(guān)中地區(qū)設(shè)施番茄的綠色施肥提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。……