青花菜新品種‘領秀二號’的選育

劉莉莉　江漢民　單曉政　姚星偉　文正華　牛國保　張小麗　孫德嶺

摘 要： 青花菜‘領秀二號是以細胞質雄性不育系‘LS-99為母本、‘HA-28為父本配制而成的青花菜雜交1代新品種。該品種為秋中熟品種，植株生長旺盛，株高65 cm，株展70 cm。葉片長橢圓形，葉色深綠，蠟粉多，抗黑腐病、霜霉病，易于栽培；主花球高圓，半球形，蕾色深綠，蕾粒中小均勻，花蕾遇冷不變紫，無莢葉，不易空心，單球質量450 g左右，商品性好。華北地區(qū)秋季成熟期（從定植到采收，下同）70 d左右，春季成熟期55 d左右，667 m2最佳栽培密度為2 700株，在整個生育期要保證肥水充足，及時防蟲，及時采收。適宜在華北、華東以及中原地區(qū)的河南等地種植。該品種2014年通過天津市非主要農作物品種審定委員會審議，準予登記。

關鍵詞： 青花菜； 新品種； ‘領秀二號； 細胞質雄性不育

A new broccoli variety ‘Lingxiu No. 2

LIU Lili，JIANG Hanmin，SHAN Xiaozheng，YAO Xingwei， WEN Zhenghua，NIU Guobao， ZHANG Xiaoli， SUN Deling

（Tianjin Kernel Vegetable Research Institute/ Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Resources Innovation/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding， Tianjin 300384， China）

Abstract： ‘Lingxiu No. 2 is a new mid-maturing broccoli F1 hybrid inbred by female parent sterile line ‘LS-99 and male parent ‘HA-28. It has vigorous plant. Its plant height is 65 cm， expansion is 70 cm. The leaves are long oval shaped with dark green color and thick wax. This variety is resistant to downy mildew and black rot， easy cultivation with good quality and special resistance. ‘Lingxiu No. 2 has a high round， hemisphere shaped， the curd is dark green， tight head with small bead size and good tolerance to purpling under cold conditions. Its single head weight is about 450 g with good commodity nature. It takes about 70 d from transplanting to harvest in autumn and about 55 d in spring. The optimal density is 2 700 strains per 667 m2. It is important to supply enough water and fertilizer， prevent the insect damage and harvest in good time during the growing season. It is suitable for cultivation in north China， east China and parts of central China such as Henan and other place.

Key words： Broccoli； New variety； ‘Lingxiu No. 2； Female parent sterile

1 育種目標

青花菜（Brassica oleracea var. italica）又名綠菜花、西蘭花，食用部分為帶有花蕾群的肥嫩花莖，屬十字花科蕓薹屬甘藍種的一個變種，為一、二年生草本植物。青花菜原產于意大利，我國自改革開放后引種成功并逐漸推廣開來。由于其口感清爽，味道鮮美，具有豐富的食用營養(yǎng)價值和獨特的抗癌保健功效，深受生產者和消費者的喜愛[1-2]。近年來，青花菜在我國的種植面積不斷增加。目前我國青花菜栽培面積在66.7萬 hm2左右，產量1 500萬 t，種植面積和產量均居世界首位[3]。但生產上使用的青花菜品種全部來自于日本，國內少有自己研制的具自主知識產權的青花菜品種，為了緩解國內青花菜品種短缺的局面，我們制定了選育適宜全國秋季露地及春季保護地栽培、抗病性較強、產量高、商品性好的優(yōu)質青花菜品種為育種目標，并利用雄性不育系配制組合[4-5]，培育出青花菜新品種。……