?巧學“動詞+介詞/副詞”的動詞短語

安徽 蔣安君

◎用法梳理

初中課本中出現了大量的“動詞+介詞”和“動詞+副詞”構成的動詞短語，各地中考題中也經常出現考查動詞短語的試題。現將其基本用法小結如下：

1.“動詞+介詞”類的動詞短語，無論是名詞還是代詞作其賓語，都放在介詞的后面。例如：

He is waiting for Mary.他正在等瑪麗。

He is waiting for her.他正在等她。

動詞后接介詞with、like、at、after、for、about、to、into、through等構成的動詞短語，通常有：deal with處理、look at看著、laugh at嘲笑、look like看起來像、look after照顧、dream of夢見、dream about夢到、major in主修、work on從事；忙于、hear of聽說、hear from收到……來信、depend on依靠、listen to聽、wait for等待、care for關心；關懷、send for派人去請、care about關心；擔心、aim at向……瞄準、fall into落入、knock at/on敲擊、knock into撞了某人、live on以……為主食、feed on以食……為主、concentrate on專心于、agree to sth.同意某事、agree with sb.同意某人、agree on就……達成一致、decide on確定、look through瀏覽

2.當“動詞+副詞”類的動詞短語的賓語是名詞時，該名詞可以放在副詞前面或后面；如果其賓語是代詞，只能放在動詞與副詞中間。例如：

It is time to get out of bed.Please wake Jack up.（=Please wake up Jack.）是起床的時候了。請叫醒杰克。

Why not wake them up?為什么不叫醒他們？（不說Why not wake up them?）

巧記這種用法的順口溜是：

課本中常見的這類動詞短語有：shut down關閉、cut down砍到、turn down調低音量、take down取下、put down放下、let down使沮喪、turn up調高音量、shut up切斷、put up搭起；舉起、fix up修理；修補、set up創立；創辦、think up想出、clean up清掃、use up用光；用盡、give up放棄、look up查閱、wake up喚醒、call/ring up打電話、mix up混合、cut up切碎、pick up拾起、make up編造、put out熄滅、hand out分發、sell out賣完、carry out執行；落實、work out計算出；成功、give out發放；分發、blow out吹滅、give back歸還、take back收回、call back回電話、give away捐贈、take away帶走；拿走、put away擺放好、clean out清除；把……清掃干凈、find out查明、take up撿起；從事、bring out顯示出

3.on、in、off、over等既可用作介詞，又可用作副詞。下面是同學們容易混淆的動詞短語：

動詞+介詞 動詞+副詞work on從事depend on依賴call on號召get on上車（船）get off下車（船）go over復習put on穿上；增添try on試穿take off脫下put off推遲；延期think over仔細考慮

我們可以利用順口溜巧記上面5個易混淆的“動詞+副詞”短語動詞：

4.有些“動詞+副詞”是不及物的動詞短語，須加適當的介詞才能接賓語。例如：

look forward（to）期待、get back（to）返回、show up露面；出席、set out啟程、run off逃走、break down出故障、get on/along（with）進展；相處、hold on（to）堅持、stay up 熬夜、give in（to）讓步；屈服、run out（of）用完、come out出版；（花）開了

5.有些“動詞+副詞”構成的動詞短語可用作及物動詞短語或不及物動詞短語。請比較：

①take off vi.起飛，vt.脫下

How soon will the plane take off?飛機多久以后就會起飛?

You'd better take off your wet clothes.你最好脫下濕衣服。

② get back vi.返回；vt.取回

When did he get back?他什么時候返回的？

My book is upstairs.I'll get it back.我的書在樓上。我要取回它。

③ wake up vi.醒來，vt.喚醒

Wake up!It's time to get out of bed.醒來吧！起床時間到了。

Wake her up，or she will be late for school.叫醒她，否則她上學會遲到。

◎考場奪冠

根據句意，從A、B、C、D四個選項中選擇最佳答案。

1.—My mother cooks delicious food every day.I've_________six pounds.

—I think you should do more exercise.

【2017·十堰中考題】

A.put away B.put off

C.put on D.put up

2.In a soccer game，it's important for the players to play together and_________the best in each other.【2017·襄陽中考題】

A.hand out B.leave out

C.bring out D.take out

3.The teacher asked the students to_________a story about a trip to the moon.

【2017·隨州中考題】

A.give up B.turn up

C.cut up D.make up

4.If you want to know more about space，please_________the book A Brief of Time.

【2017·廣東中考題】

A.look through B.look around

C.look after D.look down upon

5.We need to do some research to_________the answer.

【2016·河北中考題】

A.find out B.look out

C.hand out D.take out

6.—What's the meaning of“secretary”?

—Let me_________the word in the dictionary.

【2016·南寧中考題】

A.look at B.look for

C.look after D.look up

7.Some animals can_________the color around to protect themselves.

【2018·安徽中考題】

A.take on B.give up

C.put away D.see off

8.—The government is trying to protect the environment now.

—Yeah.It is reported that some factories will be_________soon.

【2018·東營中考題】

A.set up B.shut off

C.given up D.turned off

（答案見第64頁）