支招、出招和中招

文/王逢鑫

“招”或“招數(shù)”，亦作“著”或“著數(shù)”，原義與帶有競技性的下棋和武術有關。第一個意思指“一步棋”。英語譯為a move in chess。例如：

1. 他只因一著錯，輸?shù)魸M盤棋。As he made only a wrong move, he lost the whole chess game.

“招”的第二個意思指“武術動作”。英語譯為a wushu move。例如：2. 這位武術大師招數(shù)利落。The wushu master is nimble in his moves.

“招”的第三個意思比喻“計策、辦法或手段”。英語譯為device、skill、 tactics、trick。例如：

3. 他使盡了招數(shù)，都不靈。He exhausted all his devices in vain.

4. 為了打贏這場比賽，他施展出了全部招數(shù)。In order to win the game,he called on all his skills/tactics.

5. 他增強記憶的怪招就是簡單地將雙手攥成拳頭。His weird trick to improve his memory is simply to clench his hands into fi sts.

漢語與“招”或“著”搭配的褒義詞有“高招”（clever move、smart trick）、“妙招”（clever tactic）和“絕招”等。例如：

6. 她減肥的兩大妙招是“管住嘴，邁開腿”。Her two clever tactics for weight loss are balanced diet and regular exercise.

“絕招”的第一個意思是“絕技”。英語譯為unique skill。例如：

7. 雖然他年紀尚小，卻身懷武術絕招。Although he is still young, he has unique wushu skills.

“絕招”第二個意思是“一般人想象不到的計策或手段”。英語譯為unexpected tricky move或most unusual trick。例如：

8. 他想出一個絕招來解決這個問題。He conceived an unexpected tricky move to address the problem.

漢語與“招”或“著”搭配的貶義詞有“壞招”（mean trick）、“損招”（immoral trick）、“陰招”（dirty trick）、“狠招”（vicious trick）、“毒招”（deadly trick）和“花招”（showy trick）等。例如：

9. 這個騙子用損招欺騙一位老人時，當場被警察抓住。When the swindler was using an immoral trick to deceive an old man, he was caught on the spot by the police.

10. 這個老賴耍陰招，拒絕還清銀行貸款。The deadbeat played a dirty trick and refused to pay off the bank loan.

11. 顧客對缺斤少兩的菜販子說：“你不要給我耍花招！”The customer said to the vegetable dealer who was giving short weight, “Don’t play showy tricks on me!”

“支招兒”或“支著兒”的意思是“從旁給人出主意，尤其指給下棋者出主意”。英語譯為to give sb advice、to offer sb advice。例如：

12. 他喜歡在觀棋時給下棋者支招兒。When he watches a game of chess,he likes to offer advice to a chess player.

“出招”，英語譯為to make a move。例如：

13. 這個投資者企圖賺大錢，就出險招，買進了這家瀕臨破產(chǎn)的公司的大量股票。In an attempt to make good money, the investor made a risky move and bought a lot of stocks of the company which was on the brink of bankruptcy.

“見招拆招”的意思是“根據(jù)目前的情況迅速而有效地做出反應”。英語譯為to respond quickly and effectively according to the current situation。例如：

14. 我們已充分考慮到可能遇到的困難，并做好準備，以便見招拆招。We have taken into full consideration all the dif fi culties we may meet with, and made good preparations so as to respond quickly and effectively according to the current situation.

“中招”的意思是“上當”“受騙”或“被坑”。英語譯為to be deceived、to be cheated或to be taken in。例如：

15. 這位老人相信了騙子的謊言，結(jié)果中招了，被騙走了一萬元。As the old man believed in the swindler’s lie, he was taken in and cheated of 10,000 yuan.

“一招鮮，吃遍天”的意思是“擁有一技之長，可以到處謀生”。英語可以譯為：With a professional skill in a particular fi eld, you can make a living anywhere in the world. “一招鮮”強調(diào)的是“一種絕招”。有人將“一招鮮”譯為a one-trick pony是不妥的。one-trick pony原指“經(jīng)過訓練后只會表演一種雜技的小馬”。其比喻意思是one that is skilled in only one area（僅在某一領域有技能的人）或one that has succeeded only once（僅成功過一次的人）。 □