涂兆珍 韓學敏 張帆
摘 要:目的 觀察右美托咪定復合芬太尼用于尿道下裂修補術患兒術后鎮痛的效果及安全性。方法 選擇全麻下擇期行尿道下裂修補術的患兒60例,隨機分為F組和D組,各30例。F組給予芬太尼0.3 μg/(kg·h),D組給予右美托咪定0.05 μg/(kg·h)+芬太尼0.2 μg/(kg·h),所有患者手術結束前30 min,給予芬太尼負荷劑量1 μg/kg。手術結束前即刻連接一次性恒速機械鎮痛泵,泵注速率2 ml/h。記錄連接鎮痛泵后2、4、8、12、24及48 h的Wong-Baker臉譜疼痛評分和Ramsay鎮靜評分,補救鎮痛次數以及術后心動過緩、低血壓、惡心嘔吐等不良反應發生情況。結果 與F組比較,D組患兒補救鎮痛次數、惡心嘔吐及躁動發生率降低,患兒2、4、8、12、24及48 h的Wong-Baker臉譜疼痛評分降低、而Ramsay鎮靜評分增高,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05),兩組患者在鎮痛過程中均未出現心動過緩及低血壓。結論 右美托咪定輔助用于小兒尿道下裂術后鎮痛能提供較好鎮痛效果和較佳鎮靜舒適度,減少不良反應的發生。
關鍵詞:右美托咪定;芬太尼;尿道下裂修補術;術后鎮痛
中圖分類號:R782.05+4 文獻標識碼:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2018.23.040
文章編號:1006-1959(2018)23-0139-03
Abstract:Objective To observe the effect and safety of dexmedetomidine combined with fentanyl for postoperative analgesia in children with hypospadias repair. Methods 60 patients with elective hypospadias under general anesthesia were randomly divided into group F and group D,30 cases each. Group F was given fentanyl 0.3 μg/(kg·h), group D was given dexmedetomidine 0.05 μg/ (kg·h) + fentanyl 0.2 μg/(kg·h), all patients before the end of surgery 30 min, fentanyl was given a loading dose of 1 μg/kg. A one-time constant-speed mechanical analgesia pump was connected immediately before the end of the operation, and the pumping rate was 2 ml/h. Wong-Baker facial pain score and Ramsay sedation score were recorded at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h after analgesia pump,Remedy the number of analgesic and adverse reactions such as postoperative bradycardia, hypotension, nausea and vomiting. Results Compared with group F, the number of remedies for analgesia, nausea, vomiting, and agitation were lower in group D. The Wong-Baker facial pain scores were lower at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h, and the Ramsay sedation score was lower,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no bradycardia or hypotension during the analgesia in both groups. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can improve the analgesic effect and better sedative comfort after pediatric hypospadias and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.
Key words:Dexmedetomidine;Fentanyl;Repair of Hypospadias;Postoperative analgesia
尿道下裂修補術(repair of hypospadias)常產生劇烈的術后疼痛造成嚴重應激反應和患兒的煩躁不適,影響患兒預后。傳統阿片類鎮痛藥物副作用較多,限制了其在臨床上的大量應用。目前采用多種鎮痛藥物聯合應用,以減少單一鎮痛藥帶來的副作用。其中右美托咪定為高選擇性α2受體激動劑具有鎮靜、鎮痛、抗焦慮作用,受到越來越多的關注。然而國內外研究多基于不同類型手術,關于阿片類藥物以及右美托咪定的用量亦不盡相同,因此有必要研究右美托咪定輔助用于尿道下裂患兒術后鎮痛的效果以及所需藥物劑量,以期指導臨床。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料 選擇2018年2月~6月蘇州大學醫學院附屬兒童醫院收治的擇期行全麻下尿道下裂修補術患兒60例,本研究經本院倫理委員會批準。……