不同材質和形制出土紡輪的紡紗平穩性探討

饒崛 程隆棣 劉蘊瑩

摘要： 在分析紡輪基本結構及運動特點的基礎上，對紡輪的旋轉過程進行了力學解析，對比分析了紡輪材質和形制對其紡紗的影響。研究表明，紡輪的材質、形狀、半徑是影響其紡紗平穩性的重要因素。體積相同，材質不同的紡輪具有不同的動能儲備。密度越大，動能儲備更大，旋轉起來更省力，加捻平穩性更好。紡輪直徑大小是其加捻平穩性的最大相關量，質量大小是牽伸平穩性的最大相關量，圓餅型紡輪的加捻平穩性最好。紡輪材質、質量和形狀的密切配合，才能使得紡輪這一紡紗工具的牽伸和加捻組合平穩性同步提升。

關鍵詞： 紡輪;材質;形制;轉動慣量;紡紗

中圖分類號： TS103.81;K875.1 ?文獻標志碼： A ?文章編號： 1001-7003（2019）05-0051-09 ?引用頁碼： 051109

Abstract： Based on the analysis of basic structure and motion characteristics of spinning wheel， mechanical analysis about its rotation process was carried out. The influence of the material and structure of the spinning wheel on the spinning was analyzed. The research showed that the material， the structure and the radius of spinning wheel were the important factors influencing its spinning stationarity. The spinning wheel with the same volume and different materials had different kinetic energy reserve. The spinning wheel with larger density had larger kinetic energy reserve and was more labor-saving. Meanwhile， the twisting stationarity was better. The diameter of the spinning wheel was the maximum factor influencing its twisting stationarity; the weight of the spinning wheel was the maximum factor influencing its drafting stationarity. The disc-like spinning wheels had the best spinning stationarity. The combination of the material， weight and shape of the spinning wheel could make the drafting and twisting of the spinning tool improve synchronously.

Key words： spinning wheel; material; structure; rotational inertia; spinning

紡輪是新石器時代被廣泛使用的紡紗工具。查閱中國各地的考古發掘報告，從新石器時代到漢代幾千年的跨度時間里，從北到南、從中到西，從中原漢民族聚居地區到邊遠少數民族生活地區，從墓葬到生活遺址的各類考古發掘中，都不難發現各式各樣的、數量不等的紡輪[1]，而且現在部分少數民族地區仍然在使用。紡輪是現代紡錠的鼻祖，是機器紡織的先驅。它不僅開辟了紡織的先河，也為人類紡織業的發展奠定了良好的基礎。它的出現大大提高了紡紗效率和紗線質量，且方便易于攜帶。用紡輪紡出的紗線比手搖紡車或腳踏紡車紡出的紗線要好。例如，瑞士手搖紡車產出的棉紗質量比不上紡輪紡出的紗線?！?br>