山村狂歡節

文、圖／王忠謀

鑼鼓喧天，巨龍飛舞，秧歌扭動，旱船逶迤，萬人空巷……元宵節前夕，地處濟南郊區錦屏山下、巴漏河畔的三德范莊，一年一度的扮玩活動進入高潮。千余村民參與演出，七十多個節目陸續登場，隊伍長達一公里多。不僅本村男女老幼全體出動，爭相觀看，吶喊助威，而且吸引了周邊城市和村鎮的游客慕名而來……一個山村的元宵民俗活動能有如此陣勢和吸引力，實在令人驚嘆。

扮玩，作為傳統的民間文化娛樂活動，以濃郁的鄉土氣息和寓教于樂的豐富內容，歷來為群眾喜聞樂見。三德范崇尚扮玩，歷史久遠，并以形式多種多樣、內容豐富多彩、演藝精湛、氣勢宏大而聲名遠播。清道光年間《章丘縣志》記載：“道光十八年（1838年），旱船在三德范盛行，且聞名遐邇。”經世代繼承創新，逐步形成傳統。上至耄耋老人，下至幾歲的娃娃，幾乎人人都能上陣。

每年一過正月初五，全村“十巷”便紛紛行動起來——扎龍燈、造旱船、綁高蹺、做服裝、選演員、搞排練……正月十二前，各自在本巷內熱身磨合；十四、十五全村“會演”，進入高潮。十支隊伍在玄帝閣附近廣場和中心橋到勝利橋的道路上擺開陣勢，競相展示自己的演技和“絕活”。以觀眾的喝彩聲、掌聲為最高榮譽和獎賞。

“芯子”，是扮玩中規格最高、影響力最大的項目。表演時，演員站在一條六七米長的木桿上，模擬各種戲曲人物動作，多名青年男子輪流肩抬并伴隨鑼鼓樂譜邁著花步前后走動，十分壯觀。舞龍、舞獅、旱船、花轎也依次相隨，其他各巷扮玩隊伍更是魚貫而來，各領風騷：單家巷的花棍對打以器械飛舞、砰叭作響吸人耳目；太平巷的竹馬中，劉、關、張圍定呂布，“講述”著《三英戰呂布》的歷史故事；金家巷的旱船把“起錨”“升帆”“迎風”等動作描摹得惟妙惟肖、生動逼真；太平巷的《傻小子撲蝴蝶》則以演員裝扮憨頭憨腦、動作滑稽幽默令觀眾前仰后合、捧腹大笑；“壓軸戲”是張家巷的扮玩隊伍，他們的轉盤芯子《王小趕腳》多年來已成為保留節目……

2.女兒上芯子，媽媽來護駕。A girl performs Xinzi, accompanied by her mother.

3.芯子《王小趕腳》中“二姑娘”扮演者趙業晨僅6歲。In the Xinzi performance Wang Xiao Driving Donkey,Zhao Yechen cast as “Erguniang” is only 6 years old.

4.扮玩要精彩，化妝尤為重要。To achieve wonderful role play, makeup is particularly important.

待到夕陽西下，皓月東升，晚場表演拉開帷幕。玄帝閣附近、河道兩側，龍燈、宮燈、蚌燈接連不斷，變成一片燈的海洋。夜色朦朧中，表演者更加自然灑脫；圍觀群眾隨著扮玩隊伍潮水般忽進忽退，時前時后；擂鼓者晃動雙臂，鼓聲震天；使鈸者甩開膀子，鈸聲貫耳；臨街商家點亮燈籠，熱情叫賣；孩童們則纏著父母討要玩具和美食……整個山村沉醉在一片歡樂的海洋中。

因了久負盛名的“扮玩”，也因了崇文尚禮的村風和眾多的歷史文化遺存，現如今，三德范已經躋身“中國傳統村落”行列。

編輯／郭蓓蓓

1.觀賞“扮玩”活動之余，孩子們才是扮玩最大的贏家。After watching the "role play" activities, the children are the biggest "winners" in role play.

2.觀者云集，水泄不通。The performance area is crowded with visitors.

3.明月東升，晚間活動同樣精彩。As the bright moon rises from the east, the evening activity is also wonderful.

4.“芯子”是扮玩中規格最高、影響力最大的項目。“Xinzi” is the highest-level and most influential style of role play.

5.舉家出動，只為一睹傳統文化風采。The whole family gathered to witness the elegance of traditional culture.

On the eve of the Lantern Festival, an annual role play activity reached the climax at Sandefan Village by the Balou River at the foot of the Jinping Mountain,suburbs of Jinan. The native men and women of all ages all participated in the activity, competed to watch performances, and cheered the performers. Moreover, it attracted visitors from surrounding cities,towns and villages.

As a traditional folk cultural entertainment activity, role play, with rich local elements and edutainment content, has always been popular among the masses. Sandefan fosters role play, which has a long history and is widely known for its various forms, colorful contents, superb performances and magnificence.According to the record of the Annals of Zhangqiu County in the Daoguang Period of the Qing Dynasty,“In the 18th year of the Daoguang Period (1838), land boats prevailed in Sandefan, and were known far and wide.” Through inheritance and innovation from generation to generation, a tradition was gradually formed. Almost everyone would perform, from the elderly in their eighties to children below the age of ten. Due to the long-standing “role play”, the village spirit of advocating culture and etiquette as well as the numerous historic and cultural relics ,Sandefan has ranked amongst “China’s Traditional Villages”.