從門外漢到歌劇通

主持：Joanna C. Lee 編譯：辛時雨

征服那些高音C

Hitting the high Cs

小瓊：聽音樂會版的歌劇詠嘆調總是很享受的，因為這是純粹的音樂體驗。

小薇：耳朵可以專注地欣賞精致細膩的樂隊配器和抑揚頓挫的美妙旋律。

小薇：她的第一場音樂會實在令人欣喜——不只為聆聽到迪多納托的歌聲，還為出場的中國男高音石倚潔，他們兩人在張潔敏執棒的上海交響樂團伴奏下，連續唱出了一個又一個的高音。

小瓊：熟悉歌劇界的每個人都知道，美聲唱法的詠嘆調很考驗歌唱者的高音能力。迪多納托借助《塞維利亞理發師》中“我聽到美妙的歌聲”中的高音B展現了她細膩的音色，但男高音的高音C依舊是歌劇界的“黃金標準”。石倚潔在《微笑王國》“你是我心中的一切”中，連唱了多個高音降A，接著是《軍中女郎》“多么快樂的一天”中的多個高音C。觀眾們簡直瘋狂了！

Joan:It's always a thrill hearing opera arias in a concert setting, because it becomes a purely musical experience.

Valery:There are intricate orchestral scoring and beautiful melodic arcs that are aimed mainly at the ears.

Joan:The audience at Shanghai Symphony Hall last month had a real treat: Joyce DiDonato appeared twice, first in an orchestral recital of opera arias on January 7, then two nights later in her internationally celebrated program “In War and Peace.”

Valery:Her first concert, however, was a pure delight—not just to hear DiDonato, but also tenor Shi Yijie, hitting one high note after another under the baton of Zhang Jiemin with the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra.

Joan:Everyone familiar with the opera world knows thatbel cantoarias test singers' ability to hit high notes. DiDonato was exquisite with her high Bs in “Una voce poco fa” fromIl Barbiere di Siviglia, but it's the tenors' high Cs that remain the “gold standard.” Shi hit numerous A-flats in “Dein ist mein ganzes Herz”fromDas Land des L?chelns, then plenty of high Cs in “Ah! Mes amis” fromLa fille du régiment. The audience went wild!

文中，我們主要介紹比特幣系統中涉及的相關密碼技術，包含簽名、哈希函數以及區塊鏈技術。尤其是區塊鏈技術，以鏈狀結構存儲數據，以密碼技術為數據傳輸提供機密性和認證性服務，從而形成一條分布式存儲、無法篡改、永無止息的數據庫。但比特幣等諸多數字貨幣在一定程度上具有匿名性，使得監管問題日益嚴峻，如何在保護實體隱私的同時實施有效的監管是數字貨幣領域的一大挑戰。另一方面，由于區塊鏈技術能擺脫第三方機構制約，使得它不再局限于數字貨幣領域。目前，區塊鏈技術在金融服務、公共服務和IoT等領域的應用尚處于探索階段，有待進一步發掘。

男高音石倚潔（左）與女高音喬伊斯·迪多納托（右）

小薇：我一直很好奇歌唱家們是如何在身體與精神上做好準備的？

小瓊：為此，我和石倚潔在微信上進行了一番對話（當時他正在北京國家大劇院排練《茶花女》）。下面是他的智言精選：

● 即使你感覺身體沒在最佳狀態，但只要你掌握了正確的技巧，你仍然可以唱出高音。觀眾們聽上去是沒有什么區別的。

● 當你的身體沒有處于最佳狀態時，飲食方面尤其要注意一些。避免任何辛辣的、油炸的或油膩的東西，因為這些食物容易生痰。盡量吃一點清淡的東西。

● 保護聲音最好的方法其實是保證睡眠。

● 北京的天氣很干燥，一定要在房間里使用加濕器。但在空氣本來就很潮濕的上海，就沒有這個問題。

● 我從不熬夜，但也不會太早起。過著清教徒一般的規律生活。

● 有時遇上不好的天氣，大風或者下雨，或者冷空氣即將來臨時，我會待在家里。

● 當天氣很熱時（比如香港的夏天），我總會隨身帶著一件毛衣。它在如同北極般的空調環境中很有用。

Valery:I've always been curious how singers keep themselves physically and psychologically prepared.

Joan:For that reason, I had a series of WeChat exchanges with Shi Yijie (while he was rehearsingLa Traviataat the NCPA in Beijing). Below are his nuggets of wisdom:

● Even if you're not feeling in top form, as long as you have the right technique, you can still hit the high notes. The audience won't be able to tell the difference.

● You do have to be careful what you eat, especially when your body isn't in top form. Avoid anything spicy, or fried or oily, because they are phlegmatic.Keep a diet that is light in flavor.

● The best way to preserve your voice is sleep.

● When in Beijing, always use a humidifier in the room. This doesn't apply in Shanghai, which has moist air.

● I never stay up late, but I don't get up too early,either. We live like Puritans.

● Sometimes when weather is bad—if it's windy or rainy, or a cold front is approaching—I stay at home.

● When it's very hot (such as summer in Hong Kong) I have a sweater with me at all times. It comes in handy in arctic air conditioning.