劇院建筑

編譯：季嘉葵

劇院建筑設(shè)計(jì)指南之米爾頓凱恩斯劇院

Milton Keynes Theatre from Theatre Buildings: A Design Guide

米爾頓凱恩斯，英國(guó)

Milton Keynes, UK

概 要

劇院類型和運(yùn)營(yíng)形式

為英國(guó)大使劇院集團(tuán)運(yùn)作的戲劇、舞蹈、音樂(lè)和歌劇等全國(guó)性制作提供演出場(chǎng)所。

地址和網(wǎng)站

米爾頓凱恩斯，英國(guó)白金漢郡

www.miltonkeynestheatre.com

建筑計(jì)劃

1994年經(jīng)比稿選定優(yōu)勝方案，1999年劇院開(kāi)幕。

觀眾席

預(yù)設(shè)為配有移動(dòng)吊頂?shù)娜龑釉O(shè)計(jì)，座席可從1040座調(diào)整為800座，還可以為管弦音樂(lè)會(huì)增大聲學(xué)音效。

舞臺(tái)

配有三個(gè)前側(cè)舞臺(tái)的平坦舞臺(tái)，可以從臺(tái)口階梯直接上來(lái)。舞臺(tái)前段的寬度從11米到14米不等，最大高度為8.5米。舞臺(tái)深度從15米到18.5米不等。樂(lè)池由三個(gè)獨(dú)立的升降臺(tái)組成。所有的升降臺(tái)都是雙層的，樂(lè)池可以進(jìn)行多種劃分，容納20到100名樂(lè)手。

建筑師

安德雷杰·布羅斯基和邁克爾·赫德，英國(guó)倫敦。

聲學(xué)顧問(wèn)

奧雅納，英國(guó)倫敦。

劇院（設(shè)計(jì)和技術(shù)）顧問(wèn)

卡爾和安吉爾，英國(guó)巴斯。

造價(jià)

2500萬(wàn)英鎊（1999年，包括美術(shù)館等在內(nèi)的總建筑群）。

Summary

Theatre type and operational format

Receiving house for national productions of drama, dance, music and opera operated by the Ambassador Theatre Group.

Location and web reference

Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, UK.

www.miltonkeynestheatre.com

Building dates

Competition winning scheme selected 1994.Theatre opened 1999.

Auditorium

Arranged over three tiers with a movable ceiling reducing the capacity to 1,040/800, and acoustic volume which can also be increased for orchestral concerts.

Stages

Flat stage with three stage front positions achieved with forestage lifts. Proscenium width can be varied from 11m to 14m with a maximum height of 8.5m. Depth of stage varies from 15m to 18.5m. Orchestra pit is formed in three independent lifts. All lifts are double decker and the pit can be formatted to accommodate from 20 to 100 players.

Architect

Andrzej Blonski and Michael Heard, London,UK.

Acoustic consultants

Arup, London, UK.

Theatre (design and technical) consultants

Carr and Angier, Bath, UK.

Building cost

￡25 million (for the total complex including the art gallery, etc.) in 1999.

盡管從一開(kāi)始就有所規(guī)劃，但英國(guó)的新城市米爾頓凱恩斯在開(kāi)發(fā)建設(shè)的頭25年里一直缺乏主要的文化設(shè)施。這一眾所周知的文化和休閑設(shè)施的長(zhǎng)期缺口，被一個(gè)綜合建筑群所填補(bǔ)，其中包括劇院、畫廊、餐廳、旅游信息辦公室，以及為了契合“汽車之城”定位而設(shè)立的一個(gè)立體停車場(chǎng)。

Though planned for from the outset, the UK's new city of Milton Keynes lacked major cultural facilities for the first 25 years of its existence. This long recognised gap in cultural and leisure provision was filled by a complex of building which includes the theatre, a gallery, a restaurant, the tourist information office and,this being the city of the car, a multi-storey car park.

該建筑群位于坎貝爾公園的開(kāi)放式綠地和20世紀(jì)70年代標(biāo)志性的購(gòu)物中心之間。劇院、畫廊和餐廳都面向一個(gè)新的中央廣場(chǎng)，該廣場(chǎng)既起到連接各建筑物的作用，天氣好的時(shí)候也可以為各種活動(dòng)延展露天區(qū)域。

The complex occupies a key site between the open green space of Campbell Park and iconic 1970s shopping centre. The theatre, gallery and restaurant all open onto a new central square which provides a link between the buildings as well as an area onto which activities can spill out in good weather.

音樂(lè)會(huì)形式下的主觀眾席

這個(gè)建筑群中最大的建筑是新劇院，波浪狀的屋頂使它從眾多的建筑中脫穎而出，讓人一眼就能認(rèn)出它。門廳與從波浪形屋頂半懸空環(huán)繞而下的樓梯，將觀眾席的混凝土外墻圍起，為集會(huì)和社交提供了開(kāi)闊的景觀和寬敞的區(qū)域。

The largest structure in the complex is the new theatre, instantly recognizable by its undulating roof with the mass of the auditorium projecting through.The foyers and staircases are partly suspended from the waveform roof and enclose the concrete drum of the auditorium, providing open vistas and generous areas for gathering and circulation.

劇院建筑主體的材料主要包括混凝土、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)和玻璃，所有材料均經(jīng)過(guò)高質(zhì)量的表面處理。這種低調(diào)的色調(diào)與以深藍(lán)色、紅色和金色為裝飾面和觀眾席座椅的主色形成對(duì)比，給主體空間帶來(lái)奢華感和親密感。

The materials for the theatre building mainly comprise concrete, steelwork and glass all finished to a high quality. This low-key palette contrasts with the deep blue, red and gold decorative finishes and auditorium seating, which give a sense of luxury and of intimacy to the main spaces.

作為倫敦和伯明翰之間唯一的大型劇院，設(shè)計(jì)米爾頓凱恩斯劇院的目的是可以制作涵蓋從溫情戲劇到音樂(lè)劇、歌劇及完整規(guī)模的管弦音樂(lè)會(huì)在內(nèi)的各種演出。每種不同的演出形式都需要不同的聲學(xué)效果。主劇場(chǎng)的主要特征是配備有一個(gè)重達(dá)30噸的移動(dòng)式吸音吊頂，可以自由升降最高達(dá)10米。吊頂放置至最低位置時(shí)，減弱音量及觀眾座位容量，以適應(yīng)戲劇和話劇的需要；中等的高度可以適應(yīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)和歌劇的演出；當(dāng)?shù)蹴斕幱谧罡呶恢脮r(shí)，延伸出的空間創(chuàng)造出音樂(lè)廳的聲學(xué)效果。這種同時(shí)適應(yīng)物理和聲學(xué)雙重需要的方法，建立在建筑師與彼得·莫羅合作英國(guó)普利茅斯皇家劇院項(xiàng)目時(shí)首次獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上。

As the only large receiving house between London and Birmingham, the theatre was designed to accommodate a broad range of productions from intimate drama through to musicals, opera and full orchestral concerts. Each of these different uses requires a different acoustic. The key feature of the main auditorium is a 30-tonne mobile acoustic ceiling designed so that it can be raised or lowered by up to 10m. The lowest position reduces the volume and seating capacity to suit plays and the spoken word; the intermediate position accommodates musical theatre and opera; while the highest position extends the volume of the space to create a concert hall acoustic.This method of achieving physical and acoustic adaptability builds on the experience the architects first gained while working with Peter Moro on the Theatre Royal in Plymouth, UK.