王雪瑩 畢相東 董少杰 張樹林



摘 ? ?要:近年來,隨著池塘養殖業的不斷發展,富營養化引起的藍藻水華已成為一個嚴重的問題,藍藻水華產生的微囊藻毒素污染因其毒性效應而引起了人們的廣泛關注。為研究底泥中微囊藻毒素與關鍵水化指標間的相關關系,本試驗在藍藻爆發盛期循環水養殖系統的養殖尾水循環渠中,設置3個采樣點,每2 d采樣1次,共進行10 d,分別分析底泥中微囊藻毒素(MC-RR、MC-LR)含量和水化指標(TN、TP、COD)。結果表明,試驗期間水中TN、TP、COD含量的變化范圍依次為0.26~0.66,0.23~0.60,6.23~7.86 mg·L-1;MC-RR、MC-LR以及MCs含量的變化范圍依次為0.53~0.86,0.01~0.68,0.87~1.34 μg·g-1;MC-RR與TN、TP、COD正相關,與N/P負相關,MC-LR與TN、TP、COD、N/P負相關,MCs與TP正相關,與TN、COD、N/P負相關,其中除MCs與TN相關關系顯著(P<0.05)外,其他相關關系均未達顯著水平(P>0.05)。
關鍵詞:養殖尾水循環渠;微囊藻毒素;底泥;水化指標
中圖分類號:S964.3; S949 ? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A ? ? ? ? ? DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.06.003
Abstract: ?In recent years, with the increasing development of pond aquaculture, cyanobacterial blooms caused by eutrophication have become a severe issue, in which the microcystin pollution causing by cyanobacterial blooms has attracted much attention due to their toxic effects. To study the correlations between microcystin content in sediment and key hydration factors of aquaculture tailwater, the experiment was conducted at the peak of cyanobacterial outbreak, three sampling points were set up and sampled once every 2 days for 10 days, the content of microcystin in sediment (MC-RR, MC-LR) and the key hydration factors (TN, TP, COD) were determined. The results showed that the contents of TN, TP and COD in water varied from 0.26 to 0.66 mg·L-1, from 0.23 to 0.60 mg·L-1, and from 6.23 to 7.86 mg·L-1, respectively. The contents of MC-RR, MC-LR and MCs varied from 0.53 to 0.86 μg·g-1, from 0.01 to 0.68 μg·g-1, and from 0.87 to 1.34 μg·g-1, respectively. MC-RR was positively correlated with TN, TP, COD and negatively correlated with N/P, MC-LR was negatively correlated with TN, TP, COD, and N/P, MCs was positively correlated with TP, but negatively correlated with TN, COD, and N/P , in which the correlation between MCs and TN was significant(P<0.05) but other correlations were not significant (P>0.05).
Key words: circulating ditch of aquaculture tail water; microcystin; sediment; hydration indices
近年來,隨著養殖水平的不斷提高,我國池塘養殖模式不再是單一的“進水渠-養殖池溏-排水渠”的方式,而是逐步向更高效更多元化的養殖形式發展,其中循環水養殖模式就是一種代表。循環水養殖系統是通過一系列水處理單元將養殖池中產生的廢水處理后再次循環回用的模式。已有研究報道[1-3],循環水養殖模式有增產、降低氮磷等營養鹽含量、降低浮游動植物的生物量等多重優點。當由養殖水體富營養化引起的藍藻水華[4-5]爆發時,藍藻門的某些藻類尤其是微囊藻(Microcystis)會向水體中釋放大量的微囊藻毒素(microcystins,簡稱MCs)是藍藻水華造成的主要危害之一[6]。MCs對水生動物有強烈的毒害作用,可以顯著抑制其胚胎發育、生長及繁殖,嚴重時甚至導致其大規模死亡[7-8]。但目前對MCs含量分布情況主要集中在自然湖泊、河流和池塘養殖中[9-11],對新型的循環水養殖系統中MCs含量變化情況研究甚少。