斷奶母豬不同背膘對定時輸精生產效果的影響

劉朝陽 崔茂盛 趙子墨 鄭梓 付永利 李奎 李寧 陳亮 李千軍

摘 ? ?要：背膘是衡量母豬營養體況高低的重要指標，對母豬繁殖性能有較大影響。本試驗以妊娠率、窩均產仔數和弱仔數為分析指標，探討斷奶母豬高背膘（P2>20 mm）、中高背膘（16 mm≤P2≤20 mm）、中低背膘（12 mm≤P2<16 mm）和低背膘（P2<12 mm）對定時輸精生產成績的影響，為豬場定時輸精生產中母豬背膘精準調控提供理論依據。結果表明，妊娠率表現為中高背膘>中低背膘>高背膘>低背膘，其中中高背膘組與高背膘組差異顯著（P<0.05），低背膘組與其他3組差異均顯著（P<0.05）;窩均產仔數表現為中高背膘>高背膘>中低背膘>低背膘，組間差異均顯著（P<0.05）;高、中高、中低和低背膘組斷奶母豬的窩均弱仔數分別為1.55，1.49，1.56和1.70，組間差異均不顯著（P>0.05）。綜合而言，斷奶母豬中高背膘厚即16≤P2≤20 mm的斷奶母豬繁殖性能最佳，而背膘厚大于20 mm或小于12 mm均會降低母豬妊娠率和產仔數。

關鍵詞：背膘;定時輸精;妊娠率;產仔數;弱仔

中圖分類號： S828;S814 ? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼： A ? ? ? ? DOI 編碼：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.06.005

Abstract： Backfat is an important index to assess the sow nutritional status， which has a great influence on reproductive performance. In the present study， the pregnancy rate， litter size and weak piglet per litter size were used as indexes to investigate the effects of high （P2>20mm）， medium-high （16≤P2≤20mm）， medium-low （12≤P2<16） and low backfat （P2<12mm） on the performance of timed insemination in weaned sows， which were expecte to provide a theoretical basis for precise regulation of sows backfat during timed insemination in pig farms. The results in pregnancy rate were expressed as： medium-high backfat >medium-low backfat >high backfat > low backfat and the difference between the high backfat group and the medium-high backfat group were significant（P<0.05）， and the difference between the low backfat group and the other three groups was significant（P<0.05）. The results of litter size showed as medium-high backfat > high backfat > medium low backfat > low backfat， and the difference between groups was significant（P<0.05）. The weak piglets per litter size of weaned sows in the high， medium-high， medium-low and low backfat groups were 1.55， 1.49， 1.56 and 1.70， respectively， and there were no significant difference between groups（P>0.05）. In a word， weaned sows with medium-high backfat thickness（16≤P2≤20 mm） had the best reproductive performance， while those with backfat thickness more than 20 mm or less than 12 mm could reduce the pregnancy rate and litter size.

Key words： backfat; timed insemination; pregnancy rate; litter size; weak piglet

目前經產母豬定時輸精技術通常為在斷奶后24 h肌注1 000 IU的孕馬血清（PMSG），再過72 h 后肌注100 μg的促性腺素釋放激素（GnRH），之后24 h第1次人工輸精，再過16 h后進行第2次人工輸精[1]。豬定時輸精是近幾年開始推廣的繁殖新技術，使原有的連續生產模式轉換為間隔分明、規律明顯的批次生產模式。該生產模式的轉變具有提高豬群健康水平、減少藥物投入、提升母豬繁殖性能，增加產仔數以及提高員工勞動效率、降低生產成本等諸多優點[2]。在經產母豬的定時輸精生產中，有2種外源生殖激素（孕馬血清和促性腺激素釋放激素）協助母豬發情、卵泡發育和排卵，促進了母豬繁殖性能的提高[3]。豬場的這種生產模式源于工業批次化、標準化、模式化管理，能夠充分挖掘豬場母豬的生產潛能，充分利用各種生產資源，提高豬場經濟效益[4]。