咖啡館的前世今生

Today， the idea of a coffee house usually brings to mind a cozy place that serves gourmet coffee and espresso drinks， with couches to lounge in while you sip. So how did the coffee house get its start？

Now， Im looking back through time to see where the coffee house started， and how much its changed（or hasnt changed）.

The first record of a public place serving coffee dates back to 1475. Kiva Han was the name of the first coffee shop， located in the Turkish city of Constantinople （now Istanbul）.

Coffee was such an important item during that time period that it was legal in Turkey for a woman to divorce her husband if he could not supply her with enough coffee. Turkish coffee was served strong， black and unfiltered， usually brewed in an ibrik.

如今，咖啡館這個概念通常會讓人聯(lián)想到一個供應(yīng)極品咖啡和意式咖啡的舒適去處，那里有長沙發(fā)，你可以啜飲著咖啡懶洋洋地斜靠在上面。那么，咖啡館是如何誕生的呢？

現(xiàn)在，我將回溯時光，探尋咖啡館是從何處起源的，并看看它有多大變化（或者有多少沒變）。

有關(guān)公共場所提供咖啡的最早記錄要追溯到1475年。第一家咖啡館名叫基瓦漢，位于土耳其君士坦丁堡市（即現(xiàn)在的伊斯坦布爾）。

咖啡在那個時代很重要，以至于在土耳其，倘若丈夫不能給妻子足夠的咖啡，那妻子完全可以“休”夫，而且是合法的。土耳其咖啡味道濃郁，不加牛奶也不過濾，通常用伊芙利克壺沖泡。

The idea of adding cream and sweeteners to ones coffee came into fashion in Europe around 1529， when the first coffee house in Europe was established. Vienna was invaded by the Turkish army， who left many bags of coffee behind when they fled the city. Franz Georg Kolschitzky claimed the coffee as the spoils of war and opened a coffee house. Apparently， he had lived in Turkey and was the only person who recognized the value in the beans. He introduced the idea of filtering coffee， as well as softening the brew with milk and sugar. The beverage was quite a hit， and when coffee houses also started serving sweet pastries and other sweets， their popularity exploded.

在咖啡中加奶油和甜味劑的點子在1529年左右的歐洲流行起來，也是在那時歐洲有了第一家咖啡館。土耳其軍隊侵略了維也納，在逃離這座城市時留下了很多包咖啡豆。弗朗茨·格奧爾格·科爾舍斯基聲稱這些咖啡豆是戰(zhàn)利品，然后開了一家咖啡館。顯然，他曾在土耳其生活過，是唯一知道這些豆子價值的人。他引入了咖啡要過濾，以及咖啡要用牛奶和糖調(diào)和好讓咖啡口感更溫潤的理念。這種飲料大獲成功，而當(dāng)咖啡館還開始供應(yīng)烘烤糕點和其他甜點時，其受歡迎程度更是暴增。

Coffee establishments continued to spread， with the first one opening up in London in 1652. Though its popularity was growing in Europe， the idea arrived in England again from Turkey. An English merchant who dealt in Turkish goods （such as coffee） had two of his servants leave him， to go into business for themselves. “The Turks Head” coffee house was born. It was in an English coffee house that the word “tips” was first used for gratuities. A jar with a sign reading， “To Insure Prompt Service” sat on the counter. You put a coin in the jar to be served quickly.

The British called their coffee houses “penny universities” because that was the price for the coffee and the social upper-class of businessmen were found there. In fact， a small coffee shop run by Edward Lloyd in 1668 was such a business center， which eventually became the still-operating Lloyds of London insurance company.

咖啡館繼續(xù)流行，倫敦的第一家咖啡館于1652年開張。雖然咖啡館在歐洲越來越受歡迎，但開咖啡館的想法又是從土耳其傳到英國來的。有一個做土耳其商品（如咖啡）買賣的英國商人讓他的兩個仆人離開他去做生意。……