鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略背景下的空心村修復(fù)研究

李維 王春發(fā) 朱捷 許忠海 陽(yáng)建斌 高靜 周軍 張紅 孟亞萍

摘 ? ?要：隨著我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化的不斷推進(jìn)，農(nóng)村土地制度的改革，農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力不斷向城市轉(zhuǎn)移，空心村現(xiàn)象日益突出。在鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略背景下，空心村修復(fù)迫在眉睫，鄉(xiāng)村振興勢(shì)在必行。湖南省衡陽(yáng)市位于湘中南，是典型的以丘陵地貌為主的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)區(qū)，改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，大量農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力向城市轉(zhuǎn)移，農(nóng)業(yè)用地利用率低，農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展滯后，具有鮮明的農(nóng)村空心化特征。本文以衡陽(yáng)市為研究對(duì)象，通過(guò)調(diào)查問(wèn)卷、入戶走訪、收集相關(guān)部門(mén)的統(tǒng)計(jì)資料，分析衡陽(yáng)市農(nóng)村發(fā)展趨勢(shì)及存在的問(wèn)題，闡述了空心村現(xiàn)象對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村振興的影響，提出了修復(fù)空心村的政策性建議。結(jié)果表明：空心村的修復(fù)是實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)的必備條件，空心村修復(fù)的關(guān)鍵是人才振興、前提是教育振興、基礎(chǔ)是資金投入、保障是政策支持、途徑是產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。

關(guān)鍵詞：空心村;鄉(xiāng)村振興;農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè);衡陽(yáng)市

中圖分類號(hào)： F320.3 ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼： A ? ? ? DOI 編碼：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.08.017

Abstract： With the continuous advancement of urbanization in China and the reform of the rural land system， the rural labor force has been continuously transferred to the cities， and the phenomenon of hollow villages has become rich prominent. Under the background of the rural revitalization strategy， the restoration of the hollow village is imminent， and rural revitalization is imperative. Hengyang city， Hunan province is located in the middle and south of Hunan province. It is a typical traditional agricultural production area dominated by hilly landforms. Since the reform and opening up， a large number of rural laborers have been transferred to cities， the utilization rate of agricultural land is low， the development of agricultural industry is lagging behind， and there is a distinct feature hollow village. This paper took Hengyang city as the research object. The research method was to survey questionnaires， visit households， and collect statistics of relevant departments. The rural development trend and existing problems in Hengyang city were analyzed. The impact of the hollow village phenomenon on rural revitalization was expounded. Finally， the policy recommendations for repairing the hollow village were put forward. The results showed that， repairing the hollow village was an indispensable condition for realizing the strategic goal of rural revitalization in China. To repair the hollow villow， the key was talents， the premise was that education was revitalized， the foundation was capital investment， the guarantee was policy support， and the approach was industrial development.

Key words： hollow village; rural revitalization; agricultural industry; Hengyang city

城鎮(zhèn)化的快速發(fā)展，農(nóng)村人口的不斷遷移，催生了空心村。從我國(guó)社會(huì)發(fā)展的角度來(lái)看，空心村的出現(xiàn)有其必然性。但不可否認(rèn)，隨著農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力的大量轉(zhuǎn)移，農(nóng)村土地的加速流轉(zhuǎn)，日顯凋零的空心村與如火如荼的城市形成了鮮明的對(duì)比。空心村現(xiàn)象不僅給城市帶來(lái)了超負(fù)荷的人口壓力，還嚴(yán)重制約了農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，導(dǎo)致城鄉(xiāng)差距的鴻溝進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大[1]。在鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的背景之下，空心村應(yīng)該怎么修復(fù)，農(nóng)村應(yīng)該怎么發(fā)展，成為鄉(xiāng)村振興的難題。……