乳山近岸養殖區初級生產力時空分布及其與環境因子相關關系

于廣磊 張明亮 程玲 尚國棟 張娟 宋秀凱

摘要：于2017—2018年3月、5月、8月、10月在乳山海水增養殖海域進行了水文、氣象、化學、浮游植物等要素的綜合調查，文章分析了該海域初級生產力和主要環境因子間的相關關系并探討了其相互影響。結果表明，2017—2018年調查區域水體初級生產力的波動范圍為92～3 5040 mg（m2·d）（以碳計），各年度均為8月最高，3月比5月、10月略高，5月和10月相當。3—5月乳山灣東汊和乳山東與文登交界處要高于其他區域，8月近岸外海整體較高，從近岸區到遠岸初級生產力先逐漸增大后逐漸減小，10月的初級生產力普遍偏低。2018年3月和8月初級生產力與溫度、pH值、無機氮、NP值和鹽度等相關環境因素有一定的顯著相關關系，而在5月和10月相關關系則都不顯著。此次調查結果能夠反映出陸源輸入、季節變化等生境改變對水體初級生產力的時空分布的影響。

關鍵詞：乳山;海水養殖;初級生產力;環境因子;相關關系

中圖分類號：X55;P76文獻標志碼：A文章編號：1005-9857（2019）11-0069-06

SpatioTemporal Distribution of Primary Productivity and Its Correlation with Environmental Factors in Rushan Nearshore Aquaculture Areas

YU Guanglei1，2，ZHANG Mingliang1，CHENG Ling1，2，SHANG Guodong3，ZHANG Juan1，2，SONG Xiukai1，2

（1Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute，Yantai 264006，China;2.

Shandong Marine Environment Monitor Center，Yantai 264006，China;3Rushan Marine and Fishery Supervision and Supervision Brigade，Weihai 264500，China）

Abstract：Comprehensive surveys of hydrological，meteorological，chemical and phytoplankton factors were carried out in Rushan seawater in March，May，August and October of 2017 to 2018，and the influence relationship of the primary productivity and main environmental factors were analyzed.The results showed that the primary productivity in the survey area ranged from 9.2 to 3504.0 mgC（m2·d） in 2017 to 2018，which the highest in August，slightly higher in March，equivalent in May and October （i.e.August>March>May≈October）.The primary productivity of Dongcha in Rushan Bay and the junction of eastern Rushan and Wendeng were higher than other areas in March to May，the offshore area was overall higher in August，gradually increasing from the coast to farshore area and then decreasing，and generally low in October.It was significantly correlated between primary productivity and the environmental factors such as temperature，pH，inorganic nitrogen，NP value and salinity in March and August 2018，while not significantly between that in May and October.The results of the surveys could reflect the impacts of habitat changes such as terrigenous input and seasonal variation on the spatial and temporal distribution of primary productivity.

Key words：Rushan，Mariculture，Primary productivity，Environmental factors，Relation

0引言

浮游植物、底棲植物（包括定生海藻和紅樹、海草等植物）以及自養細菌等生產者，通過光合作用或化學合成制造有機物和固定能量的能力，稱為初級生產力。海洋初級生產力，也稱海洋原始生產力，初級生產力的大小決定了浮游動物等餌料生物的多寡，從而直接影響該海域的漁業資源量，是海洋漁業資源評估、水質評價、洋流跟蹤及整個生態系統的生態功能研究中不可缺少的內容[1]。乳山是著名的“水產之鄉”，其近海是海洋捕撈與養殖的重要區域，盛產牡蠣、文蛤、對蝦、藍點馬鮫、梭魚等百余種海洋經濟生物，其中乳山牡蠣養殖面積、產量居全國首位，乳山文蛤、鷹爪蝦享譽國內外[2]。乳山……