


摘要:利用規模優勢降低成本是海洋運輸業經營行為的基本邏輯,在當前的經濟形勢下,不確定性的增加促使廠商尋求更加靈活的合作方式來實現這一目標。文章利用面板向量自回歸方法對班輪企業的合作行為進行了分析,結果顯示:企業間的合作行為對運量的提升有正向的促進作用,但沒有顯著的長期效果。運價的提升會促進企業間的合作行為,這種影響具有長期性和系統性的特征,但會隨時間逐漸弱化,沖擊反應的結果顯示大部分的沖擊反應呈震蕩衰減的趨勢,其中合作投入的變化僅在短期內對運量產生影響。
關鍵詞:班輪企業;行業聯盟;供應鏈整合;PVAR模型;海洋運輸業
中圖分類號:P74文獻標志碼:A文章編號:1005-9857(2019)11-0086-06
An Empirical Study on The Impact of Supply Chain Integration on the Performance of Marine Transportation Industry: evidence from the enterprise level
WANG Sheng
(Institute of Marine Economy and Culture,Shandong Academy of Social Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China)
Abstract: It is the basic logic of the liner industry management behavior to make use of the advantage of scale to reduce the cost.Under the current economic situation,the increase of uncertainty urges the manufacturers to seek more flexible cooperation ways to achieve this goal.In this paper,the panel vector autoregressive method was used to analyze the cooperative behavior of liner enterprises.The results showed that the cooperative behavior between enterprises had a positive effect on the promotion of traffic volume,but there was no significant longterm effect.The promotion of freight rates would promote cooperative behavior among enterprises,which had longterm and systematic characteristics,but would gradually weaken over time.The results of the shock response showed that most of the shock responses tended to decline in concussion.Among them,the changes in cooperative investment only had an impact on traffic volume in the short term.
Key words:Liner enterprise,Industry alliance,Supply chain integration,PVAR model,Marine transportation
0引言
回顧海洋運輸業的歷史演變可以發現,從行業內的合作到行業間的合作,再到供應鏈節點企業的全方位合作,合作與整合貫穿于行業發展的整個過程之中。無論是較為松散的工會、聯盟形式,還是以兼并重組為代表的深度資本整合,其背后的邏輯都是通過資源的集聚,擴大規模優勢,而這種商業邏輯形成的原因是多方面的[1]。從行業內部分析,首先,海洋運輸業所提供的服務具有類似必需商品的特征,即需求數量很大但價格很低,因此總收益對價格十分敏感,同時邊際生產成本幾乎為零,這意味著通過規模優勢降低成本是企業盈利的核心理念[2]。其次,為適應新貿易形勢下對物流效率的追求,船公司需要提供更加快速的運輸服務以確保市場份額,而實踐證明,提高發船頻率是最有效的解決辦法,這意味著船公司必須在航線上部署更多的船只,并進一步擴大規模優勢[3]。……