姜寧


摘要:伴隨廣西北部灣經濟區的建立與開發,北部灣海域污染加劇,赤潮災害愈發嚴重。文章綜述1984—2015年廣西北部灣海域赤潮演變趨勢,結果表明:①赤潮發生頻率和發生面積逐年增加;②赤潮種類呈現增多趨勢。通過分析赤潮演變趨勢,提出防控的思路:①加強廣西北部灣入海流域及沿海地區污染防治和近岸海域環境保護;②利用生物技術進行赤潮生物防控;③加強科技支撐和提升赤潮科學研究能力。
關鍵詞:赤潮;演變趨勢;監控;海域環境保護;廣西北部灣
中圖分類號:P76文獻標志碼:A文章編號:1005-9857(2019)11-0082-04
Analysis on the Evolution Trend of Red Tide in the Beibu Gulf of Guangxi and Its Prevention and Control Ideas
JIANG Ning
(School of Geographic and Planning,Nanning Normal University,Nanning 530001,China)
Abstract: With the establishment and development of the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone in Guangxi,the pollution of the sea area has increased and the red tide disaster has become more and more serious.The evolution of red tide in Beibu Gulf of Guangxi during 1984 to 2015 was reviewed.The results showed that: (1) the frequency and area of red tide increased year by year; and (2) the types of red tide showed an increasing trend.Based on the analysis of the trend of red tide evolution,some ideas for red tide prevention and control in Beibu Gulf were put forward: (1) strengthening the pollution prevention and control in the watershed and coastal areas of Beibu Gulf and environmental protection in coastal waters; (2) using biotechnology to prevent red tide organisms; (3) strengthening scientific and technological support and enhancing the scientific research capacity of red tide.
Key words:Red tide,Evolution trend,Monitoring,Marine environmental protection,Beibu Gulf of Guangxi
赤潮是海洋生態系統中的一種異常現象,是在特定的環境條件下,海水中某些赤潮生物暴發性增殖或高密度聚集而引起水體變色的一種生態現象。赤潮誘發受多種因素綜合作用,多發生在營養水平較高、陽光充裕、海面較為平靜的港灣;適宜的物理、化學和生物因素可能引發藻類及原生動物等微小生物在短時間內大量繁殖和聚集。近年來,廣西北部灣海域赤潮頻發,危害加劇,生產生活及海洋生態環境均受到不同程度影響。
1研究區概況
廣西北部灣海域位于北部灣北部(20°58′N—22°50′N,107°29′E—110°20′E),西起中越邊境的北侖河口,東與廣東省英羅港接壤,東南與海南省相望,西部與越南接壤,海岸線長1 62859 km,有大小島嶼646個,島嶼岸線長461 km2。自東向西主要包括鐵山港、北海港、廉州灣、大風江口、欽州灣、防城港和珍珠灣,區域面積2036 1萬km2。廣西北部灣海域屬于熱帶、亞熱帶季風氣候,常年高溫多雨,海面氣溫常年約20℃~30℃,年平均水溫245℃。……