季揚沁 尤仲杰 何力


摘要:海洋微塑料污染2004年才被英國科學家發現并提出,至今已經成為世界最受關注的生態環境問題之一。課題組認為公眾是海洋微塑料污染的最主要源頭。因此課題組立足舟山海域微塑料污染情況,包括塑料垃圾(資源)處理等情況,基于對公眾認知的調查問卷,嘗試描述以公眾為核心、聯合各行為主體的海洋微塑料污染源頭治理機制,同時提出機制建立條件、困境與未來。此外,課題組關注社區、公益組織和市場的相應行為,力求在未來更為關注政府行為。
關鍵詞:海洋微塑料;污染源頭治理機制;公眾認知調查
中圖分類號:X55;P76文獻標志碼:A文章編號:1005-9857(2019)11-0075-07
Preliminary Study on the Construction for the Source Governance Mechanism of Marine Microplastics Pollution in Zhoushan
JI Yangqin1,YOU Zhongjie2,HE Li3
(1The Party School of CPC Zhoushan Municipal Committee,Zhoushan 316000,China;2The Ningbo institute of Marine and Fishery,Ningbo 315000,China;3Zhoushan Qiandao Marine Environmental Protection Development Center,Zhoushan 316000,China)
Abstract:Marine microplastic pollution was discovered and put forward by British scientists in 2004,and has become one of the most concerned ecological environment problems in the world.The research team believes that the public is the main source of marine microplastic pollution.Therefore,the team studied the situation of microplastic pollution in Zhoushan sea area,including the disposal of plastic waste (resources),with a questionnaire based on public awareness,and tried to describe the mechanism of controlling the source of marine microplastic pollution with the public as the core and various actors as the main body.At the same time,the conditions,difficulties and future of establishing the mechanism were put forward.In addition,the research team paid attention to the corresponding behavior of the community,NGOs and the market,and would pay more attention to government behavior in the future.
Key word:Marine microplastics,Source governance mechanism of pollution,Public cognition survey
0引言
目前,研究者一般將長度小于5 mm的塑料顆粒、塑料纖維等稱之為微塑料[1]。海洋微塑料污染2004年才被英國科學家發現并提出,至今已經成為世界性最受關注的生態環境問題之一。備受關注的原因主要有兩個:一是海洋微塑料污染問題嚴峻,近期報道稱大洋最深處也已發現塑料存在。目前,微塑料污染對海洋生物的生存及繁衍造成實質性威脅[2-8]。雖然對人類來說的風險評級仍是初級,但經過科學驗證,通過食物鏈的傳播,微塑料會對人體產生不良后果,且尚不能排除在遺傳學方面的不可逆影響;二是海洋及海洋資源對于每個臨海國家來說都是提升國家實力的重要因素,因此在海洋生態環境維護的各個方面各國都在積極展開行動。我國在2016年啟動對近海海洋微塑料的監測,2017年7月海洋微塑料的監測首次成為北極科考隊的監測項目之一?!?br>