古代杭州城市洪旱適應性研究

魯攀力　王欣　姚巧娟　張蕊

摘要：文章基于對地方史志和相關資料的整理，通過繪圖、統計等方法探究古代杭州山水城市的發展與洪旱適應性建設的關系，研究發現杭州古城經歷了擇山水而居、治山水而興、合山水而美的過程。在選址上杭州古城趨利避害，綜合考慮了多種因素;在城市形態上，杭州古城積極地與周圍山水環境相適應，營造了山水城相融的格局。南宋時期，杭州山水田園城共治模式形成，洪旱適應性建設日趨成熟，其中的生態智慧和美學智慧值得當今城市建設關注和借鑒。

關鍵詞：山水城市，洪旱適應性，山水田園城共治模式，杭州古城

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-4925.2019.00.027

A Study of City Adaptability to Flood and Drought in Ancient Hangzhou

Lu Panli Wang XiN Yao Qiaojuan Zhang Rui

（School of Landscape Architecture and Architecture， Zhejiang Agricultureand Forestrv University， Hangzhou 311300， Zhejiang， China）

Abstract ： Based on the local chronicles and some relative data， this paper explores the relationship between the citydevelop ment of ancient Hangzhou with mountains and waters and city adaptability to flood and drought by means ofdrafting， statistics and other methods. It is found that the ancient Hangzhou City sought advantages and avoideddisadvantages and comprehensively considered various factors in the site selection to adapt to surrounding landscapeenvironment and create a pattern of mountains， rivers and cities combination， after experiencing the process of livingaround mountains and rivers， thriving by governing mountains and rivers and then achieving mountains and riversintegration. Until the Southern Song Dynasty， the co-governing pattern of Hangzhou Landscape Garden was formed， inwhich flood and drought have gradually adapted to urban development. The ecological wisdom and aesthetic wisdom inthe adaptation are worthwhile to be leaned as references by modern cities.

Key words ： city with mountain and water， flood and drought adaption， the integrated governance model of landscapeand pastoral city， ancient Hangzhou City

杭城歷史上洪旱災害頻發，古人在與氣候災害不斷斗爭的基礎上，持續改善人類營建活動，變災為利，積累了寶貴的歷史經驗。關于古代城市的洪旱適應性研究，吳慶洲等[1]做了大量的案例研究，介紹了中國古代城市的防洪技術與經驗。劉暢[2]對臺兒莊古城的水適應性空間格局進行歸納和分析，提煉其生態智慧和生存藝術為現代城市建設提供借鑒。閆水玉[3]對南宋臨安的選址、空間格局、城市與環境的關系進行研究，發掘了古人在城市建設中的生態智慧。高原[4]總結了鎮江山水城林一體的營建模式，為當今的城市營建帶來啟示。但目前對于古代杭州城市洪旱適應性的研究較少，缺乏系統的整理。

本文選取古代杭州洪旱適應性設計為研究主題，嘗試梳理杭城城市形態與山水環境相互適應的歷史過程，挖掘山水城市在洪旱適應性方面的生態智慧和風景園林思想內核。……