周燕秋 池洪敏 蔡薇 何佳玥 顏小玲 馬玉蓮



摘 要:通過運用重慶主城沙坪壩地區、萬盛城區、黑山谷景區、龍鱗石海景區近5年氣象數據,計算得到各地的溫濕指數THI和風效指數K,在此基礎上確定了萬盛主要景區綜合氣候舒適度等級,并與重慶主城進行了對比。結果表明:(1)整個夏季,重慶主城和萬盛城區的THI值對應人體感覺為不舒適等級,黑山谷景區的人體感覺在舒適等級和較舒適等級之間變化,龍鱗石海為較舒適等級;(2)6、9月黑山谷景區和龍鱗石海景區的風效指數K 值對應人體感覺以暖為主,重慶主城、萬盛城區為暖熱,7、8月黑山谷景區和龍鱗石海景區為暖熱,重慶主城、萬盛城區以熱為主;(3)整個夏季,重慶主城和萬盛城區的綜合氣候舒適度以極不舒適、不舒適2個等級為主,未出現最舒適等級;龍鱗石海景區各等級均有分布,黑山谷景區未出現極不舒適等級。
關鍵詞:萬盛;避暑旅游;溫濕指數;風效指數;綜合氣候舒適度
中圖分類號 P49文獻標識碼 A文章編號 1007-7731(2019)15-0152-05
Analysis of Summer Tourism Climate Comfortableness of Major Scenic Spots in Chongqing Wansheng
Zhou Yanqiu1,2 et al.
(1Mereorological Bureau of Wansheng Economic and Technological Development Zone in Chongqing,Chongqing 400800,China;2Office for Natural Disaster Early Warning and Prevention of Wansheng Economic and Technological Development Zone in Chongqing,Chongqing 400800,China)
Abstract:In the paper,the temperature-humidity index(THI) and wind effect index have been calculated by using the past 5 years meteorological data of Shapingba District,Wansheng District,Black Valley and Longlishihai Scenic Area.On the basis of that,the grades of the comprehensive climatic comfort index have been determined and a comparative analysis has been made between the Major Scenic Spots in Wansheng and the Chongqing city.The results are as follows: (1) In summer,the THI has a corresponding uncomfortable level of physical sensation in Chongqing City and Wansheng District,and varies from comfortable to rather comfortable level in Black Valley,and rather comfortable in the Longlishihai.(2)In June and September,the wind effect index of Black Valley and Longlishihai corresponds to warm-dominated in physical sensation and rather warm in Chongqing City and Wansheng District.In July and August,it is overwarm in Black Valley and Longlishihai and hot in Chongqing City and Wansheng District.(3) In the whole summer,there are two main levels of comprehensively climatic comfort in the Chongqing City and Wansheng Distric,extremely uncomfortable and uncomfortable,respectively,with no optimum comfort level.Longlishihai has a uniform distribution in each level and theres no extremely uncomfortable level in Black Valley.
Key words:Wansheng District;Summer tourism;Temperature-humidity index;Wind effect index;The comprehensive climate comfort index
近年來,在全球氣候變暖的大趨勢背景下,伴隨著城市化進程的加快,夏季高溫日數明顯增加,酷暑和高溫已成為夏季的常態[1]。持續高溫會使人心情煩躁、工作效率低、身體不適,甚至導致死亡,因此,消夏避暑旅游已成為了人們夏季最渴望的休閑度假方式[2,3]。適宜的氣候條件,不僅能夠消除人的疲勞,使人的體力和精力較快地恢復,甚至能夠達到使一些疾病得到緩解和治療的效果[4,5]。因此,人們在選擇消夏避暑旅游時,氣候尤其是舒適性氣候往往是考慮的首要因素。國外對氣候舒適度的研究已有了近50年的歷史,在舒適度指數和模型的建立上做出了較大貢獻,相繼提出了體感溫度、舒適指數、風效指數、溫濕指數、風寒指數等相關概念[6-10],加拿大氣象局[11]還建立了舒適性指數測定的標準模型。國內在此領域的研究則側重于旅游氣象條件分析、氣候舒適度評價等方面。例如,馬麗君[12]利用溫濕指數、風寒指數、著衣指數、綜合舒適度指數及30年氣候統計資料,對陜西省旅游氣候舒適度變化進行了分析和描述;并對北京、中國西部熱點城市、中國東部沿海沿邊城市、東部典型城市等地區進行了氣候舒適度評價[13-16]。劉峰貴[1]通過計算氣象要素和氣候舒適度,分析了避暑型旅游城市西寧的氣候條件;余志康[4]著眼于我國高緯地區消夏旅游,對40°N以北的城市進行了夏季氣候舒適度及消夏旅游潛力分析研究。