柴海燕 任秋穎 王璐



摘要:選取武廣高鐵沿線7個中小城市作為研究對象,從經濟發展水平、交通區位條件、旅游資源稟賦、旅游接待能力4個方面建立了影響旅游經濟發展水平的指標體系,構建計量經濟學面板數據,通過混合回歸模型研究發現,旅游經濟發展水平與地區經濟發展水平、旅游資源豐富程度、旅游目的地接待能力呈正相關,與鐵路客運量呈負相關,即“廊道效應”并未使武廣高鐵沿線中小城市旅游發展從中受益。提出應從提高中小城市旅游吸引力入手,與中心城市合作共贏,將高鐵帶來的可達性轉換為實際的旅游利潤。
關鍵詞:武廣高鐵;旅游經濟;廊道效應;策略
中圖分類號:F59 ? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼:A
文章編號:0439-8114(2019)18-0158-05
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.039 ? ? ? ? ? 開放科學(資源服務)標識碼(OSID):
The dilemma and strategic choice of tourism development in small and medium-sized cities under the speed of high speed rail
CHAI Hai-yan,REN Qiu-ying,WANG Lu
(School of Economics and Management,China University of Geosciences (Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China)
Abstract: The small and medium-sized cities along the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway were selected as research objects. From the four aspects of economic development level, transportation location conditions, tourism resource endowment and tourism reception capacity, an index system was established to influence the development level of tourism economy, and econometric panel data was constructed. The study found that the level of tourism economic development is positively correlated with the level of regional economic development, the richness of tourism resources, and the reception capacity of tourist destinations, and is negatively correlated with the passenger volume of railways, that is, the “corridor effect” makes the tourism development of small and medium-sized cities along the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway did not benefit from it. It is suggested that we should start from improving the tourism attractiveness of small and medium-sized cities, and cooperate with the central cities to achieve win-win results, and convert the accessibility brought by high-speed rail into actual tourism profits.
Key words: Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway; tourism economy; corridor; tactics
交通是旅游的生命線,直接影響旅游者的出游距離和目的地的選擇,最終影響旅游業發展程度。近年來,高鐵的出現給旅游業帶來了巨大的變化。高鐵旅游產生的“時空壓縮”效應縮短了游客的旅行時間,使旅游者能夠在較短的時間到達旅游目的地,同時擴大了游客出游半徑,提高了旅游目的地之間的可達性,真正實現“快旅慢游”[1]??蛇_性是目的地旅游經濟發展的必要前提。近年來高速鐵路的建設和開通助推中國旅游經濟提速至2.0時代。但高速鐵路的發展對沿線中小城市的旅游發展是“廊道效應”還是“聚集效應”還值得探討。
高鐵的開通也使沿線城市的旅游業獲益。來自意大利、英國、西班牙、日本及中國學者的研究都表明,隨著城市可達性的提高,沿線城市的商務、休閑旅游獲得大發展,旅游收入隨之提高,就業崗位增多[2-6],高鐵沿線旅游經濟帶和環中心城市旅游經濟圈呼之欲出。但國外相關研究也表明,高鐵的開通在促進核心城市旅游集聚效應的同時,也進一步擴大了中小城市的“廊道效應”。中國高鐵的運行極大提升了沿線中小城市的可達性,按常理推測,這些城市的游客量和旅游總收入會隨之水漲船高。但從數據上來看,這些城市的旅游人次及總收入并未獲得快速提升。中國高鐵運行對沿線中小城市旅游的帶動作用是否因旅游吸引力不足而客觀上促成了“廊道效應”的加劇,高鐵開通對沿線中小城市旅游發展的貢獻率如果確實存在“廊道效應”加劇的現象,中小城市旅游管理者該如何應對等問題都值得探討。因此,以武廣高鐵為例,選取沿線7個地級市為研究對象,基于面板數據剖析該現象,以期為高鐵對中小城市旅游發展的影響提供實證借鑒。
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