月湖歷史地段保護(hù)與再生設(shè)計(jì)，寧波，中國(guó)

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：常青

1 屠氏別業(yè)夜景/Night view of Tu's House

寧波的月湖西區(qū)是老城保留下來最重要的歷史文化街區(qū)， 2009-2011 年由于失當(dāng)?shù)奶幹梅绞剑潞鲄^(qū)北片的傳統(tǒng)街巷和風(fēng)貌建筑被大量拆除，只殘留下一些掛牌保護(hù)的歷史建筑。此舉遭到了寧波民間有識(shí)之士的強(qiáng)烈質(zhì)疑，國(guó)家主管部門也責(zé)令“亡羊補(bǔ)牢”，限期恢復(fù)。2012 年，同濟(jì)大學(xué)歷史環(huán)境保護(hù)與再生領(lǐng)域的規(guī)劃與建筑團(tuán)隊(duì)承擔(dān)了該項(xiàng)艱巨任務(wù)，并與相關(guān)單位全程配合，監(jiān)控了工程的進(jìn)度和質(zhì)量。

經(jīng)過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)踏勘，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)拆下來的構(gòu)件大都保留著，存在大部分的恢復(fù)、局部新建的可能，是典型的“城市修補(bǔ)”工程，于是重做了保護(hù)規(guī)劃。首先，堅(jiān)持以原址、原貌、原材料為基調(diào)，并充分利用原構(gòu)件，復(fù)建被拆建筑，恢復(fù)街區(qū)空間結(jié)構(gòu)和肌理，適度調(diào)整街區(qū)內(nèi)的曠奧關(guān)系；其次，謹(jǐn)慎處理街區(qū)邊緣的城市界面，在瀕臨城市干道中山路的街區(qū)邊緣，以徽式馬頭墻混交吳式觀音兜的“屠氏別業(yè)”，因其前面低質(zhì)的當(dāng)代臨街商業(yè)建筑亦被拆除，而裸露在城市空間界面上。

為此，我們做了兩個(gè)空間界面的重塑方案。其一為廣場(chǎng)方案，屠氏別業(yè)兩側(cè)的新建筑用老建筑的清水磚墻“面料”，二者天際線輪廓新平舊仄，形成一種互涵對(duì)比，既有原型意象的類似性特點(diǎn)又有一定反差關(guān)系。其二為內(nèi)庭方案，沿著中山路做出新建筑，補(bǔ)上城市界面，與屠氏別業(yè)圍合成內(nèi)庭院。結(jié)果前者被選為實(shí)施方案，竣工后以“金融小鎮(zhèn)”的功能定位嘗試了適應(yīng)性再生。□

The Moon Lake Historic District is located in the southwest of the old Ningbo City. It is centred by an artificial lake first dug in the Tang dynasty (AD 618-907). This area is popularly known as the "cultural centre of eastern Zhejiang".

In 2009, the implementation of a completed conservation plan aroused general dissatisfaction among the local community. The main concern about the plan focused on three points:

(1) The historical urban fabric was radically changed by the proposed wide roads and large-scale new buildings; (2) A great number of traditional courtyard houses were demolished (including 13 designated heritage buildings), disregarding the regulations set in the conservation plan; (3) The local inhabitants were moved out to make space for a gentrified residential area.

In 2011, the original conservation plan had to be abandoned because of public protests. In the following two years, our research team conducted a detailed site investigation. We completed seven research reports and two design schemes to resolve the problem caused by the improper treatment of the historical, physical, and social fabric. The design concepts are summarised as follows:

(1) To respect history, accept reality, and achieve a balance between the interests of various parties.

(2) To provide an appropriate proportion of residential, commercial, and public space respectively and achieve a balance between economic, environmental and social interests.

(3) To preser ve the sur vived historic architecture, repair or reconstruct the demolished heritage architecture by "putting new wine in to old bottles", and create new architecture and functions based on a comprehensive understanding of the historical streetscape and urban environment.□

2 街區(qū)復(fù)建后鳥瞰/Aerial view after renovation

3 街區(qū)再生總平面/Block regeneration site plan

4 與古為新的入口廣場(chǎng)建筑/Co-existence of old and new among entrance square buildings