南方丘陵地區不同晚稻品種適應性分析

劉鮮珍 王美英 胡興

摘 要：為了篩選適合南方丘陵地區種植戶增產增效的晚稻品種，通過小區試驗，研究5個不同晚稻品種的農藝性狀、抗病抗逆性、產量及其構成特征，比較分析了其農藝性狀、抗逆性、產量和經濟效益。結果表明：在同等肥料和管理投入的條件下，泰優390的最高苗、有效穗數最高，品種長勢整齊繁茂、葉色濃綠、葉姿挺直、熟期轉色好、耐寒性強，產量最高，為515 kg/667m2，經濟效益為1 362元/667m2，相比產量最低的星優1號，增產317.4元/667m2，增收295.4元/667m2，增幅分別為30.4%和28.3%。因此，針對南方丘陵地區氣候復雜多變、濕度大、易發病的條件下，建議推薦種植分蘗能力強、株高適中、產量較高、抗逆性較強的泰優390，有利于水稻種植戶和企業的增產增收。

關鍵詞：南方;丘陵地區;晚稻品種;適應性

中圖分類號：S511.33 文獻標識碼：A文章編號：1006-060X（2019）10-0021-03

Abstract： In order to select late rice varieties with higher yields and benefits suitable for households in hilly regions of southern China ， this paper studied and comparatively analyzed the agronomic traits， disease resistances， yields， characteristics and output values of five late rice varieties through ?plot experiments. The results showed that under the same fertilizer and management input conditions， Taiyou 390 was the top one in terms of the maximum number of tillers per plant and effective panicles; growing uniformly and vigorously with dark green， erect leaves， it presented a strong cold tolerance and good maturing color; Taiyou 390 finally got 7 725 kg/hm2 of yield and?20 430 yuan/hm2 of economic benefit， ranking the first， which were 30.4% and 28.3% ?higher ?than the lowest output Xingyou 1， respectively by the yield increase of 4 761 yuan/hm2 and income growth of 4 431 yuan/hm2. In view of complex climate changes， high humidity and susceptibility to diseases in the hilly areas of the south， it is recommended to grow Taiyou 390 for its strong tillering ability， moderate plant height， high yield and strong resistance， which is beneficial for rice growers and companies to get more yields and incomes.

Key words： south; hilly area; late rice; adaptability

水稻是我國主要糧食作物之一[1]，水稻種植面積占全國糧食作物種植面積的32%，產量占我國糧食總產量的47%[2]，全國有60%的人以大米為主食，水稻生產可持續發展對保障我國糧食安全意義重大[3]。南方丘陵地區水稻種植面積約占全國的1/2[4]，因田塊小、土地高低不平、雨水多、濕度大等特點，其水稻種植較分散、易發病、不利于機械化作業[5-6]，一年2～3熟，與發達地區、平原地區有較大的差異。因此，研究南方丘陵地區不同水稻品種的適應性對選擇合適品種具有積極意義。

南方丘陵地區屬于亞熱帶季風濕潤氣候，具有光、熱、水資源豐富等水稻生長所需的條件，是農業生產物質和能量的來源[7]，同時空氣濕潤、天氣復雜多變易造成病害發生和水澇旱災等問題，常導致水稻減產乃至失收[8]。……