M9博物館，梅斯特，意大利

M9博物館為傳承20世紀(jì)的文化而建，坐落在通往威尼斯的大陸門(mén)戶(hù)——梅斯特。該項(xiàng)目開(kāi)辟了昔日被軍事機(jī)構(gòu)占據(jù)的中心地帶，打造了一系列全新的公共空間。由多條人行步道編織而成的“步道網(wǎng)絡(luò)”已然成為該社區(qū)的特色，讓這博物館區(qū)嵌入梅斯特的城市肌理之中。費(fèi)雷托廣場(chǎng)和卡普契納大街之間的步道開(kāi)滿(mǎn)各種商店、咖啡館和餐廳，吸引并引導(dǎo)游客穿過(guò)整片建筑群，到達(dá)位于中心的“博物館廣場(chǎng)”。

該項(xiàng)目以對(duì)角線(xiàn)劃分的城市戰(zhàn)略展示了兩座不同的博物館建筑：體量較小的建筑擁有零售空間、辦公室和后臺(tái)區(qū)等功能；而較大一棟則用于所有主要的文化活動(dòng)，公共設(shè)施位于首層，包括媒體圖書(shū)館、禮堂、博物館商店和餐廳。這些公共設(shè)施均透過(guò)諾大的窗戶(hù)與街道相連。門(mén)廳內(nèi)，一條引人注目的長(zhǎng)樓梯通向畫(huà)廊和活動(dòng)空間。永久性展廳占據(jù)了兩層“黑盒子”，而臨時(shí)展覽則設(shè)于頂樓自然采光的“白盒子”之中。

博物館多色立面的對(duì)角線(xiàn)圖案加強(qiáng)了兩座建筑間錐形通道所創(chuàng)造出的透視效果。這一透視效果將焦點(diǎn)落在了16世紀(jì)格拉齊修道院的正面。該修道院被廢棄空置了多年，如今被翻新改造，為博物館區(qū)帶來(lái)了功能用途上的補(bǔ)充。在加蓋典雅的新屋頂后，使其成為公共空間的一部分。

陶瓷立面的色調(diào)受到城市環(huán)境的啟發(fā)，各種墻磚和灰泥的顏色均來(lái)自典型的威尼斯風(fēng)格。室內(nèi)外空間的材料完美地融合在一起。由當(dāng)?shù)卮置鎺r制成的天然石質(zhì)地面形成了一片連綿的表層，從所有的步行區(qū)域延伸至博物館底層與主樓梯。底樓立面和門(mén)廳的墻壁均采用了帶木紋紋理的清水混凝土。這些啞光的粗糙表面加上用于裝飾室內(nèi)的暖色調(diào)山毛櫸飾面，與釉面陶瓷立面的細(xì)微反射形成了柔和的對(duì)比。

這座充滿(mǎn)活力的M9博物館對(duì)所有人張開(kāi)懷抱，無(wú)論是居民還是游客、年輕人或老年人，都可在此活動(dòng)。因此，該項(xiàng)目成為了梅斯特城市發(fā)展的重要基石：作為重生的催化劑，它為周?chē)臍v史結(jié)構(gòu)帶來(lái)了新的含義；作為游客的向往之地，它刺激了該市的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展；作為教育機(jī)構(gòu)和活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所，它創(chuàng)造了城市認(rèn)同感，很大程度上豐富了當(dāng)?shù)厝说纳睢！酰ㄍ鯁螁?譯）

1 外景/Exterior view（攝影/Photo: Jan Bitter）

M9 is a museum of the cultural inheritance of the 20th century located in Mestre, the mainland gateway to Venice. Opening up a central stretch of land that was formerly occupied by military institutions, the project creates a number of new public spaces. A network of pedestrian links, which already characterise the neighbourhood, embeds the quarter into the urban tissue of Mestre. A passage between Piazza Ferretto and Via Cappuccina attracts visitors and leads them through the entire complex along a route enlivened by various shops, cafés and restaurants with the "piazza museo" at its centre.

The urban strategy of the site's diagonal subdivision informs two different museum structures: the smaller volume contains retail spaces, offices and back-of-house functions, while the grander one houses all the main cultural activities with public facilities on the ground floor, including a media library, an auditorium, a museum shop and a restaurant, all behind generous windows connecting them to the street level. From the foyer a long, dramatic staircase leads up to the galleries and event spaces. The permanent exhibition occupies two "black box" floors, while temporary exhibitions are shown in a naturally lit "white box" on the top floor.

The diagonal pattern of the museum's polychromic fa?ade reinforces the perspective effect created by the tapered passage between the two buildings. At the focus of this perspective stands the fa?ade of the 16th century Convento delle Grazie, which stood abandoned and empty for several years but has now been renovated and converted to complement the uses of the quarter. Covered by a new elegant roof structure it becomes part of the public space.

The colour palette of the ceramic fa?ade is inspired by the urban context, the various brick and plaster colours typical of Venice. Materials of the exterior and interior spaces blend seamlessly into one another. The natural stone floor made of local trachyte forms a continuous surface extending across all pedestrian areas to the ground floor and the main staircase of the museum. Fair-faced concrete with wood grain texture is used both on the ground floor fa?ades and the walls of the foyer. Complemented by the warm beech veneer of the interior fittings, these matt and rough surfaces form a gentle contrast to the subtle reflections of the glazed ceramic fa?ades.

M9 is an active museum with no access thresholds. It addresses residents and tourists, young and old alike. Thereby constituting an essential cornerstone in Mestre's urban development: As a catalyst of regeneration it brings new meaning to the surrounding historical fabric. As a magnet for visitors it offers stimulus to the economic activity of the city. And as an educational institution and events venue it provides a place of identification and enriches local life in a significant way.□

2 遠(yuǎn)景/Distant view（攝影/Photo: Alessandra Chemollo）

3 連接梅斯特的新城與舊城/Connection between the new and the old Mestre

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

功能/Programme: 設(shè)有媒體中心和禮堂以及辦公室，會(huì)議中心，零售店和餐廳的博物館/Museum with media centre and auditorium as well as offices, conference centre, retail, restaurants

地點(diǎn)/Location: Via Pascoli 11, 30171 Mestre VE, Italy

客戶(hù)/Client: Polymnia Venezia S.r.l. (Venice)

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Architects: Sauerbruch Hutton (Berlin), Matthias Sauerbruch, Louisa Hutton, Juan Lucas Young

項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人/Project Leader: Bettina Magistretti

項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)/Project Team: David Wegener, Carlos Alarcón Allen, Sibylle Bornefeld, Marc Broquetas Maduell, Giuseppe Castellaneta, Stefan Fuhlrott, Costanza Governale, Stephanie Heese, Philipp Hesse, Anna Hollstein, Rémi Jalade, Jonathan Janssens, Isabelle McKinnon, Emanuela Mendes, Francesca Poloni, Gonzalo Portabella, Tanja Reiche-Hoppe, Nora Steinh?fel, Francesco Tonnarelli, J?rg Albeke

當(dāng)?shù)亟ㄖ?Local Architects: SCE Project S.r.l., Milano

結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Structural Engineering: SCE Project S.r.l., Milano

暖通空調(diào)/HVAC: Tomaselli Engineering, Fontanafredda; Hospital Engineering Group S.r.l., Pordenone; Studio Tecnico Giorgio Destefani, Sesto San Giovanni

能源概念/Energy Concept: Ambiente Italia S.r.l., Milano

電氣工程/Electrical Engineering: Studio Tecnico Giorgio Destefani, Sesto San Giovanni

消防安全/Fire Protection: GAE Engineering S.r.l., Torino

供應(yīng)商/Suppliers: NBK Keramik GmbH, Emmerich am Rhein, Pollmeier Massivholz GmbH & Co. KG, Creuzburg

建筑面積/Floor Area: 25,600m2

施工時(shí)間/Construction Period: 2014-2018

竣工時(shí)間/Completion Time: 2018

攝影/Photos: Jan Bitter (fig.1,11,12), Alessandra Chemollo (fig.2,13)

4 市區(qū)示意/Diagram of city quarter

5.6 剖面/Sections

7 首層平面/Ground floor plan

8 二層平面/First floor plan

9 三層平面/Second floor plan

10 四層平面/Third floor plan

11 外景/Exterior view（攝影/Photo: Jan Bitter）

評(píng)論

藍(lán)冰可：M9博物館區(qū)位于意大利威尼斯的梅斯特，是一個(gè)探討城市更新課題的項(xiàng)目。在保留歷史建筑物群的同時(shí)，設(shè)計(jì)師引入了新的建筑體量，新與舊的共生營(yíng)造出新的充滿(mǎn)活力的空間，靈動(dòng)的交通動(dòng)線(xiàn)交織相成，創(chuàng)造出令當(dāng)?shù)厝艘詾榘恋亩鄻踊墓部臻g。設(shè)計(jì)師對(duì)于原有建筑生態(tài)的尊重與考量，對(duì)于建筑構(gòu)造本身以及城市環(huán)境特性的深刻認(rèn)知，成就了這樣一個(gè)新建筑與舊建筑密切呼應(yīng)、和諧共生的對(duì)話(huà)關(guān)系。

葉揚(yáng)：威尼斯群島既為梅斯特帶來(lái)了過(guò)境旅游者，也帶走了本可為其駐足的人。以具有特色和吸引力的文化建筑作為“引爆點(diǎn)”，是梅斯特激活老區(qū)的途徑之一。有趣的是，面對(duì)老建筑的M9博物館不是為展示歷史和古跡而存在的，而將體現(xiàn)更貼近現(xiàn)代人的文化生活為內(nèi)容。這大概是面對(duì)威尼斯群島的梅斯特為自己找到的定位。建筑顯現(xiàn)了Sauerbruch Hutton建筑事務(wù)所幾十年來(lái)所堅(jiān)持的個(gè)性，又得體地與原有城市中心的肌理相協(xié)調(diào)。建筑與城市環(huán)境所體現(xiàn)的創(chuàng)新與歷史延續(xù)主題，與M9博物館的設(shè)定達(dá)成了內(nèi)外的一致。

12 內(nèi)景/Interior view（攝影/Photo: Jan Bitter）

13 內(nèi)景/Interior view（攝影/Photo: Alessandra Chemollo）

Comments

Binke Lenhardt: The M9 Museum District is a project of urban renewal, located in Mestre, on mainland Venice. It deals with existing historical building stock and new volumes, which in their specific arrangement generated a new lively quarter, a network of alleyways with a great diversification of public spaces, which locals can be proud of. This context aware design that respects the existing site on both urban and architectural level serves as a good model of introducing the new that does not alienate itself from the old but rather engages in it in an interesting urban dialogue.

YE Yang: The islands of Venice not only brings passby tourists to Mestre, but also takes away those who should have stayed for it. Culture architecture with uniqueness and attraction as "a tipping point" would be one of the approaches that could regenerate the old town. What is interesting is that, instead of exhibiting its history or its heritage, M9 Museum facing old buildings demonstrates a cultural life much closer to the contemporary. This could probably be what Mestre found for itself in the face of the islands of Venice. M9 Museum presents the characteristics that Sauerbruch Hutton Architects insisted for decades, while it is coherent with the existing urban fabric appropriately. Thereafter, the innovation and continuation of the history that the architecture and urban environment displayed coincide with the programme of M9 Museum internally and externally. (Translated by PANG Lingbo)