徐升 黃樸忠 姜艷娜

【摘要】 目的 探討采用三維斑點追蹤技術(3D-STI)評價左前降支心肌橋患者左心收縮功能的價值。方法 79例經冠狀動脈造影確診為左前降支心肌橋患者, 根據收縮期狹窄程度將心肌橋分為三組, <50%為NobleⅠ級組(23例);50%~75%為NobleⅡ級組(28例);≥75%為NobleⅢ級組(28例), 選取同期體檢健康者30例作為對照組。采用三維超聲斑點追蹤技術, 觀察比較各組三維心肌應變值[縱向收縮峰值應變(rLS)、整體縱向收縮峰值應變(GLS)、徑向收縮峰值應變(rRS)、整體徑向收縮峰值應變(GRS)、圓周向收縮峰值應變(rCS)、整體圓周向收縮峰值應變(GCS)、節段面積應變(RAS)、整體面積應變(GAS)]及三維左心室射血分數(3DLVEF)水平。結果 四組3DLVEF水平比較, 差異無統計學意義(P>0.05);NobleⅡ級組和NobleⅢ級組患者左心室整體及左前降支供血節段的rLS、GLS、RAS、GAS低于對照組和NobleⅠ級組, 且NobleⅢ級組患者低于NobleⅡ級組患者, 差異具有統計學意義(P<0.05);四組rRS、GRS、rCS、GCS比較, 差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。應變值與壁冠狀動脈收縮期狹窄程度呈負相關, RS(r=-0.35, P<0.05)、CS(r=-0.37, P<0.05)、LS(r=-0.45, P<0.05), 其中AS(r=-0.88, P<0.05)呈顯著性負相關。結論 實時三維斑點追蹤技術需要較高的圖像質量來獲得三維空間各個方向的心肌應變值。所需的全容積數據受多種因素的影響, 如心率、呼吸頻率以及圖像分析時心內膜勾畫的準確性。其次, 實時三維斑點追蹤技術的時間和空間分辨率較低, 有可能導致心肌應變率的低估。
【關鍵詞】 心肌橋;左前降支;三維斑點追蹤技術;左心收縮功能
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2020.02.007
Evaluation of 3-dimensional speckle tracking imaging on left ventricular systolic function in patients with myocardial bridge on the left anterior descending artery? ?XU Sheng, HUANG Pu-zhong, JIANG Yan-na.
【Abstract】 Objective? ?To discuss the value of left ventricular systolic function in patients with myocardial bridge on the left anterior descending artery by 3-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI). Methods? ?A total of 79 patients with myocardial bridge on the left anterior descending artery diagnosed by coronary angiography were divided into Noble group Ⅰ (23 cases, <50%), Noble grade Ⅱ group (28 cases, 50%~75%) and Noble grade Ⅲ group (28 cases, ≥75%) by degree of systolic stenosis. Another 30 healthy persons in the same period were selected as the control group. According to 3-dimensional speckle tracking imaging, 3-dimensional myocardial strain value [regional longitudinal strain (rLS), global longitudinal strain (GLS), regional radial strain (rRS), global radial strain (GRS), regional circumferential strain (rCS), global circumferential strain (GCS), regional area strain (RAS), global area strain] and 3-dimensional left ventricular ejection fraction (3DLVEF) level was observed and compared among the three groups. Results? ?There was no statistically significant difference in 3DLVEF level among four groups (P>0.05). The rLS, GLS, RAS and GAS of the whole left ventricle and the blood supply segment of left anterior descending artery in Noble grade Ⅱ group and Noble grade Ⅲ group was lower than those in the control group and Noble grade Ⅰ group, and their difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in rLS, GLS, RAS and GAS among four groups (P>0.05). There was a negative correlation between the strain value and the degree of systolic stenosis of the coronary artery, RS (r=-0.35, P<0.05), CS (r=-0.37, P<0.05), LS (r=-0.45, P<0.05), and AS (r=-0.88, P<0.05) showed a significant negative correlation. Conclusion? ?The real-time 3-dimensional speckle tracking imaging needs high image quality to obtain the myocardial strain values in all directions of 3-dimensional space. The required full volume data is affected by many factors, such as heart rate, respiratory rate and the accuracy of endocardial mapping in image analysis. Secondly, the time and space resolution of real-time three-dimensional spot tracking technology is low, which may lead to the underestimate of myocardial strain rate.
【Key words】 Myocardial bridge; Left anterior descending artery; 3-dimensional speckle tracking imaging; Left ventricular systolic function
心肌橋是一種先天性的冠狀動脈發育異常, 是由冠狀動脈某一段走行于室壁心肌纖維之間而形成。有文獻報道其經尸檢解剖, 我國心肌橋發生率為20%~89%。以往常用超聲心動圖檢測方法檢測孤立性心肌橋患者射血分數多為正常水平[1], 三維斑點追蹤技術是近年來發展起來的一項超聲技術, 它不受心肌運動方向的限制, 通過識別心肌回聲來追蹤心臟三維空間的運動軌跡, 可以準確地評估心肌局部形變能力[2]。本文以左前降支心肌橋患者為研究對象, 采用三維斑點追蹤技術觀察其左室收縮功能改變情況, 現報告如下。
1 資料與方法
1. 1 一般資料 選取2016年10月~2018年10月79例經冠狀動脈造影確診為左前降支心肌橋患者, 冠狀動脈造影術應用飛利浦Allura Xper FD20血管造影儀。收縮期冠狀動脈壓迫>30%診斷為心肌橋。對心肌橋的分級采用Noble分級法, 根據收縮期狹窄程度將心肌橋分為3級, <50%為NobleⅠ級組(23例);50%~75%為NobleⅡ級組(28例);≥75%為NobleⅢ級組(28例)。所有患者中男48例, 女31例, 年齡33~72歲, 平均年齡(54±8)歲, 患者無房顫、心臟瓣膜病、心肌病及嚴重的高血壓;選取同期體檢健康者30例作為對照組, 男17例, 女13例, 年齡37~67歲, 平均年齡(49±8)歲, 無高血壓病、心肌病、冠心病等既往史且冠狀動脈造影證實冠狀動脈正常。左前降支心肌橋患者及體檢健康者的一般資料比較, 差異無統計學意義(P>0.05), 具有可比性。
1. 2 儀器與方法 使用GE Vivid E9超聲診斷儀, 頻率1.7~3.5 MHz, 配備三維應變圖像分析軟件。囑……