肖花 鄭群 蘇山 劉麗君 鄭文萍 劉洋 林楚楚



【摘要】 目的 探討住院患者多重耐藥菌(MDRO)感染的調(diào)查和干預的效果。方法 1793例住院患者, 使用實時熒光定量PCR(qPCR)的方法對患者進行菌株分析鑒定。分析多重耐藥菌的感染情況, 比較干預前后不同科室[婦科、重癥監(jiān)護病房(ICU)、產(chǎn)科、呼吸內(nèi)科、普外科、泌尿外科、其他科室]感染發(fā)生情況和滿意度。結(jié)果 1793例患者中, 檢出的耐藥菌分別為:耐碳青霉稀類的鮑曼不動桿菌、耐碳青霉稀類的銅綠假單胞菌、耐甲氧西林的金黃色葡萄球菌、耐碳青霉稀類的肺炎克雷伯菌、耐碳青霉稀類的大腸埃希氏菌、耐萬古霉素腸球菌株。干預前, ICU感染發(fā)生率高于其他科室, 差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);干預后, 婦科、ICU、產(chǎn)科、呼吸內(nèi)科、普外科、泌尿外科、其它科室感染的發(fā)生率分別為8.93%、15.53%、8.85%、10.19%、16.46%、27.2%、17.86%, 均低于干預前的60.71%、91.29%、83.78%、66.99%、71.84%、76.00%、62.01%, 總感染發(fā)生率15.06%低于干預前的73.68%, 差異均具有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。干預后患者滿意度為75.63%, 高于對照組的38.65%, 差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 住院患者多感染耐碳青霉稀類的鮑曼不動桿菌、耐碳青霉稀類的銅綠假單胞菌、耐甲氧西林的金黃色葡萄球菌、耐碳青霉稀類的肺炎克雷伯菌、耐碳青霉稀類的大腸埃希氏菌、耐萬古霉素腸球菌株等耐藥菌, 尤其是ICU患者發(fā)生最多, 因此要對其進行重點關(guān)注, 實施有效的干預可以降低感染的發(fā)生, 縮短患者的住院時間, 提高患者滿意度。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 多重耐藥菌感染;干預措施;重癥監(jiān)護病房
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2020.02.080
The investigation of multi drug resistant organisms infection in inpatients and analysis of effect of intervention measures? ?XIAO Hua, ZHENG Qun, SU Shan, et al. Shenzhen Peoples Hospital, Shenzhen 518019, China
【Abstract】 Objective? ?To discuss the investigation and intervention effect of multi drug resistant organisms (MDRO) infection. Methods? ?Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to analyze and identify the strains in 1793 inpatients. The infection situation of multidrug resistance bacteria was analyzed, and and the occurrence of infection of different departments [gynecology, intensive care unit (ICU), obstetrics, respiratory medicine, general surgery, urology and other departments] before and after the intervention and satisfaction degree was compared. Results? ?The drug-resistant bacteria detected in 1793 patients were Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to carbapenema, Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to carbapenema, Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin, Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to carbapenem, Escherichia coli resistant to carbapenem, and Enterococcus resistant to vancomycin. Before intervention, the infection rate of ICU was higher than other departments, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After intervention, the infection rate of gynecology, ICU, obstetrics, respiratory medicine, general surgery, urology and other departments were 8.93%, 15.53%, 8.85%, 10.19%, 16.46%, 27.2% and 17.86% respectively, which were lower than 60.71%, 91.29%, 83.78%, 66.99%, 71.84%, 76.00% and 62.01% before intervention, and total infection rate 15.06% was lower than 73.68% before intervention, and their difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The satisfaction degree was 75.63%, which was higher than 38.65% before intervention, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion? ?Inpatients are more likely to be infected with Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to carbapenem, Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to carbapenem, Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin, Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to carbapenem, Escherichia coli resistant to carbapenem, and Enterococcus resistant to vancomycin, especially in ICU. Therefore, more attention should be payed to them and effective intervention can reduce the incidence of infection, shorten the hospitaliztion time, and improve satisfaction degree of patients.
【Key words】 Multi drug resistant organisms infection; Intervention measures; Intensive care unit
近年來由于抗生素的濫用情況, 導致院內(nèi)多重耐藥菌(Multi Drug Resistent Organisms, MDRO)的種類越來越多[1], 并呈現(xiàn)爆發(fā)的趨勢, 多重耐藥菌會導致出現(xiàn)院內(nèi)感染的情況, 影響患者的治療, 甚至會危害生命, 因此醫(yī)院必須要對多重耐藥菌的情況進行控制[2], 必要時采取一切措施進行預防和解決。本研究探討2015年1月~2018年12月4年內(nèi), 本院1793例住院患者, 對多重耐藥菌的感染進行分析, 并分析使用干預的效果。
1 資料與方法
1. 1 一般資料 回顧性分析2015年1月-2018年12月內(nèi), 選擇4年內(nèi)1793例住院患者, 女993例, 男800例;年齡1~80歲, 平均年齡(42.56±13.92)歲, 56例婦科患者, 264例ICU患者, 339例產(chǎn)科患者, 206例呼吸內(nèi)科患者, 316例普外科患者, 125例泌尿外科患者, 487例其它科室患者。本次研究中的所有家屬均已經(jīng)簽署了知情同意書, 本院的倫理委員會也批準了本次實驗, 納入標準:所有患者均同意本次研究;排除標準:患有嚴重精神性疾病等, 不配合本次研究[3]。……