唐求 吳娟 邱偉 沈潔 滕召勝



摘? ?要:針對雙線性變換法在設計聲級計頻率計權數字濾波器時存在固有頻率失真問題,提出一種基于改進帝國競爭算法的數字IIR濾波器設計方法. 為避免帝國競爭算法出現早熟收斂而陷入局部最優的問題,在帝國競爭算法同化階段引入混沌函數來增大搜索范圍,與此同時,在帝國競爭階段引入克隆進化算子,引導算法向IIR濾波器參數最優解方向搜索,得到改進帝國競爭算法. 在研究聲級計A、C計權的IIR濾波器誤差來源的基礎上,利用改進帝國競爭算法對聲級計頻率計權數字IIR濾波器系數進行尋優求解,構建基于改進帝國競爭算法的頻率計權數字IIR濾波器優化模型. 仿真與實驗結果表明,本文提出的數字濾波器設計方法精度較高,且濾波器的誤差能控制在10-3 dB數量級范圍內. 在噪聲環境下不同聲信號級進行的頻率計權測試結果表明,改進帝國競爭算法測試的聲信號級的計權誤差能維持在10-2 dB數量級范圍內,完全滿足國家標準GB/T 3241—2010對1級聲級計的設計要求.
關鍵詞:聲級計;頻率計權;數字IIR濾波器設計;帝國競爭算法;混沌函數;克隆進化
中圖分類號:TB52? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻標志碼:A
Abstract:Aiming at the frequency distortion problem in the design of frequency weighting digital filter based on bilinear transformation,an evolutionary method based on Modified Imperialist Competitive Algorithm(MICA)has been proposed to design digital IIR filter. In order to help the algorithm to escape from local minima,this paper introduced a chaotic function to make the search range wider in the assimilation operation of Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). Meanwhile,a clone evolution operator was introduced in the competition operation,guiding the search for global optimization efficiently. Then,the optimization model of modified ICA of the filter in sound-level meter was designed based on the research of the source of error in IIR filter. The coefficients of frequency weighted were searched based on the MICA. The results of both simulation and application show the performance of the design method to find better solution,indicating that the proposed method can significantly improve the precision and the error can be controlled within the order of 10-3 dB. Finally,the test of frequency weighting under different acoustic signal level with noise verifies that the error of the MICA test can be maintained in the order of 10-2 dB,which fully meets the design requirements of sound level meter (Class 1) in the national standard of GB/T 3241-2010.
Key words:sound level meter;frequency weighting;digital IIR filter design;Imperialist Competitive Algorithm(ICA);chaotic function;clone evolution
人耳對響度相同、頻率成分不同的聲音產生不同的聽覺感受,為了模擬人耳的聽覺特性,需在聲級計中設計一種頻率計權網絡修正聲音信號,使其對不同頻率信號具有與人耳相同的靈敏度[1]. 因此,頻率計權是聲級計實現噪聲測量的一項重要計量指標[2]. IEC 61672規定1級聲級計必須實現A、C頻率計權功能[3].
近年來,全數字式聲級計得到廣泛應用[4],但針對聲級計頻率計權數字濾波器的設計研究較少. 頻率計權數字濾波器的實現可以選擇無限沖激響應(IIR)數字濾波器和有限沖激響應(FIR)數字濾波器[5]. 對于相同的濾波精度,與FIR濾波器相比,IIR濾波器所用的階數少,存儲單元也較少[6].
由于聲級計的頻率計權算法采用嵌入式系統實現,要求計算量小,占用存儲空間少,故本文選用數字IIR濾波器設計頻率計權. 其中,常用雙線性變換(Bilinear Transformation,BT)設計數字IIR濾波器[7]. 但雙線性變換是一種近似變換,存在固有的頻率失真[8],導致誤差較大. 為此,文獻[9]采用粒子群優化算法(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)對A計權的數字IIR濾波器系數進行搜索優化,取得了明顯成效. 但PSO算法在優化過程中容易出現早熟收斂而陷入局部極值點,從而得不到全局最優解[10-11],尤其在加噪環境下,誤差更為明顯.
帝國競爭算法(Imperialist Competitive Algorithm,ICA)在濾波器的優化設計中,全局搜索能力和信息不依賴能力均高于其他智能優化算法[12]. 但該算法在系數搜索過程中也同樣存在早熟收斂等不足,導致優化結果存在誤差[13]. 據此,本文提出一種改進帝國競爭算法(Modified Imperialist Competitive Algorithm,MICA)的聲級計頻率計權數字濾波器設計方案. MICA在標準ICA算法的同化過程中添加混沌函數來增強算法的搜索可能性,引入克隆進化算子來有效引導算法向最優解方向搜索,最終得到濾波器的最優系數. 相比標準ICA,MICA具有搜索范圍廣,尋優精度高和優化性能好等特點.
本文針對雙線性變換法實現聲級計頻率計權存在的誤差,通過在ICA算法中添加混沌函數和引入克隆算子,設計MICA算法,并將MICA應用到頻率計權數字IIR濾波器設計中. 仿真與實驗數據表明,在加噪環境下,不同聲信號級進行的頻率計權誤差均能維持在10-2 dB數量級范圍內,符合1級聲級計的設計要求,證明了該方法的有效性.
4? ?結? ?論
本文針對雙線性變換法設計聲級計頻率計權數字濾波器時出現誤差較大的問題,提出了一種基于改進帝國競爭算法的聲級計頻率計權數字IIR濾波器設計方法. 為避免標準ICA早熟收斂而陷入局部最優,在同化階段加入混沌函數以及帝國競爭階段引入克隆進化算子,進一步提高算法的收斂精度. 對A計權的測試結果表明,本文提出的改進ICA算法,有效改善了雙線性變換法的誤差,優化效果明顯. 且在加噪環境下,不同聲信號級的計權誤差均能維持在10-2 dB數量級范圍內,符合1級聲級計設計要求. 本文提出的方法不僅適用于聲級計的頻率計權優化設計,也適用于其他采用雙線性變換設計數字濾波器引起的頻率特性失真問題,具有較高的實際應用價值.
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