陳婷


【摘要】 目的:分析流產后宮內殘留患者經陰道超聲檢查的圖像特征,探討超聲檢查各參數對宮內殘留的診斷價值。方法:選取2018年6月-2019年6月在廈門市第五醫院婦科病房因懷疑宮內殘留而行宮腔鏡手術患者96例,刮出組織行病理學診斷,根據病理結果分為有絨毛組(宮內殘留組)和無絨毛組。收集所有患者的臨床基本特征及超聲圖像特征,比較兩組間的差異。結果:96例患者中,有絨毛組共84例,無絨毛組共12例,有絨毛組陰道出血時間長于無絨毛組,有絨毛組宮內膜厚度明顯厚于無絨毛組,有絨毛組中,宮內膜線不清晰與宮腔內簇狀豐富血流信號比例明顯高于無絨毛組,差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05)。結論:經陰道超聲檢查診斷流產后宮內殘留價值明確,肌壁內豐富血流信號及宮內膜線不清晰高度提示宮內殘留可能。然而宮內未見異常血流信號不能排除宮內殘留,部分患者最終需依靠病理學確診。
【關鍵詞】 宮內殘留 經陰道超聲檢查 宮內膜線 血流信號
[Abstract] Objective: To analyze the characteristics of transvaginal ultrasonography in patients with retained products of conception, and to explore the diagnostic value of various parameters of ultrasonography in retained products of conception. Method: A total of 96 patients who suspected retained products of conception underwent hysteroscopy from June 2018 to June 2019 in the gynecology department of Xiamen Fifth Hospital, they were divided into the villus group and the non-villus group according to the pathological results. The basic clinical features and ultrasonographic features of all patients were collected and the differences between the two groups were compared. Result: Among 96 patients, 84 were in the villus group and 12 cases in the non-villus group. In the villus group, vaginal bleeding time was longer than that in the non-villus group, endometrial thickness, unclear endometrial line and color doppler flow in the villus group were significantly higher than those in the non-villus group, the differences were significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion: The diagnostic value of transvaginal ultrasound for retained products of conception after abortion is clear. Enhanced myometrium vascularity and unclear endometrial lines highly suggest the possibility of retained products of conception. However, the lack of vascularity cannot exclude retained products of conception. Pathology is still needed.
隨著社會發展及女性生育觀念的改變,人為終止妊娠的發生率越來越高。流產后宮內殘留是常見的并發癥,可影響子宮復舊,延長陰道出血時間,增加盆腔感染的概率[1-2]。對部分假陽性的病例,激進的二次清宮會對子宮內膜造成進一步損傷,使宮腔粘連、不育等并發癥的概率增加。宮腔內殘留的絨毛組織與壞死的蛻膜及積血進行鑒別具有重要意義。超聲檢查可動態監測流產的狀態并提供流產過程中的處理意見[3],減少誤診、漏診宮內殘留引起的并發癥。本研究回顧性收集臨床懷疑宮內殘留行宮腔鏡引導下清宮的病例,分析流產后宮內殘留的臨床及超聲特征,為正確診斷宮內殘留提供參考依據。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
2018年6月-2019年6月因懷疑宮內殘留在筆者所在醫院住院并行宮腔鏡手術96例,其中行藥物流產75例,人工流產21例,根據病理結果,將檢出絨毛成分的病例分為有絨毛組(宮內殘留組)及無絨毛組。其中有絨毛組(宮內殘留組)共84例,無絨毛組(對照組)共12例(其中9例為蛻膜組織,1例為子宮內膜息肉,1例為增值期內膜,1例為宮腔積血)。
1.2 方法
分析方法:針對選取的研究對象陰道超聲的檢查結果進行回顧性分析。
宮腔鏡清宮術前進行超聲檢查:所有的患者均使用美國記憶公司Logiq-E9多普勒超聲診斷儀進行超聲診斷,陰道超聲探頭頻率為5~9 MHz?;颊吲趴瞻螂缀笕〗厥唬筋^套上消毒避孕套,放入陰道穹隆部位,橫向和縱向檢查子宮及雙側附件區情況,記錄子宮形態、大小、宮內膜厚度,觀察宮腔線是否清晰、宮腔內有無異常分布及異常豐富的血流信號。
綜上所述,經陰道超聲檢查診斷流產后宮內殘留價值明確,宮腔內異常血流信號豐富區及宮內膜線不清晰高度提示宮內殘留可能。然而宮內未見明顯異常血流信號不能排除宮內殘留可能,最終需病理學確診。
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(收稿日期:2019-10-17) (本文編輯:何玉勤)