瓦盧比利斯博物館，瓦盧比利斯，摩洛哥

建筑設計：OUALALOU + CHOI建筑事務所

聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界遺產地上的考古博物館

該項目位于摩洛哥王國客流量最大的考古遺址內，旨在增強這一獨特的聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界遺址的歷史和象征意義。該遺址是一個保存得出奇完好的古羅馬殖民小鎮(zhèn)的案例，也是摩洛哥幾處古跡遺址之一。由于附近地區(qū)很少有都市開發(fā)，現(xiàn)今的遺址與羅馬人當時所見十分相似。為了突出古遺跡在進入現(xiàn)場時帶來的的戲劇性視覺沖擊，博物館的體量被嵌入山坡中，因此游客最初不會感覺到它的存在。該項目被構想為過去領土邊界上的一個寬8m、長200m 的狹窄烙印。該建筑由一系列沿著延伸的擋土墻的木質體量組成，同時，這些體量被埋入地下或懸空，與起伏的地景遙相呼應。該項目外觀上很像它所容納的廢墟，其構造的技藝和材料的使用壽命成為了建筑物的最終消隱于遺址的內在性策略。□（徐紫儀 譯）

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Ministry of Culture, Morocco

地點/Location: Archaeological site of Volubilis, Morocco

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: Linna CHOI and Tarik OUALALOU

結構及建造顧問/Structural and Construction Consultants: TESCO

項目面積/Project Area: 4200m2

設計時間/Design Time: 2009-2010

施工時間/Construction Time: 2010-2011

竣工時間/Completion Time: 2011

攝影/Photos: Luc Boegly (fig.2,3,5,7,8), Elio Germani (fig.6,13-19)

1 總平面/Situation plan

2 外景/Exterior view

3 外景/Exterior view

Construction of an Archaeological Museum on a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Set within the most visited archaeological site in the Kingdom of Morocco, this project seeks to enhance the historical and symbolic significance of this unique UNESCO World Heritage site.The site is an exceptionally well-preserved example of an ancient Roman colonial town and one of several antique sites in Morocco.Due to the lack of urban development in the immediate surroundings, the site today closely resembles what the Romans saw in their time.In order to highlight the dramatic visual impact of the antique ruins upon entry to the site, the volume of the museum is embedded into the hillside so that visitors do not initially perceive its presence.The project is conceived as a narrow imprint on the perimeter of the ancient territory,eight metres wide by two hundred metres long.The building consists of a succession of wooden volumes along an extended retaining wall, simultaneously buried and suspended in relationship to the rolling landscape.The project behaves much like the ruins it houses, and the tectonics of its construction and the lifespan of its materials inherently propose a strategy for the building's eventual disappearance.□

4 立面/Elevation

5-8 外景/Exterior views

9.10 剖面/Sections

11 首層平面/Ground floor plan

12 二層平面/First floor plan

13 外景/Exterior view

評論

卡羅爾·穆克海伯：該項目是關于如何占據(jù)并改善一個文化和生態(tài)活躍場所的富有敏感度的案例。這些建筑位于歷史遺跡的邊緣，并作為古城墻的無形延伸。設計的第一步是一面傾斜的擋土墻，僅僅建在階梯狀地面的上方。該項目進而在墻后以線性方式展開，并被限制在一條非常狹窄的緊循著地形微妙波動的占地面內。該建筑被分為兩個主要體量，這些主體又通過形式和材質的設計手法而被進一步消解。木板條裝飾的表皮既可以使表面產生陰影效果，又可以加強體量的堅固性。從某種意義上說，該項目與遺址相呼應并產生了對話，它們擁有著共同的特質：留有開采的痕跡、局部片段化并富有層次感。（徐紫儀 譯）

莊子玉：在對于著名歷史遺跡旁的新建項目而言，如何處理與歷史遺存的關聯(lián)，同時弱化潛在的沖突是一直以來此類項目的難點。

摩洛哥的瓦盧比利斯博物館的設計，將通常的塊狀體量拉長，使自身消解在一個具有厚度的“墻體”關系之中。同時這個看似消隱的線性的形態(tài)，反而從一個邊界關系上強化了與場地內古城遺址的對話與洞察。

然而項目規(guī)劃的整體策略并沒有在建筑空間層面得到很好的執(zhí)行：建筑內拉長的線性觀景界面并沒有和地塊產生過多的視線對話；格柵的質感與肌理也并沒有反應太多與地塊文脈的關聯(lián)性；作為設計母題的墻體也與其前端的功能體塊呈分離狀，兩者并沒有在“墻體”的“厚度”與地景化的豎向標高層面創(chuàng)造出更多的空間變化和起承轉合；同時即使作為最終設計目的“完全消隱”也很難在可預見的長期視覺關系中得到實現(xiàn)。這些都不免成為項目的些許遺憾。

14 內景/Interior view

15.16 局部/Detailed views

Comments

Carol Moukheiber: The project is a sensitive example of how to occupy and enhance a culturally and ecologically active site.The structures sit on the edge of the historic site, and act as invisible extensions of the ancient city wall.The first move is an angled retaining wall that barely registers above the terraced ground.The project then unfolds linearly behind the wall, constrained within a very narrow footprint that intimately follows the topography's subtle undulations.The building is divided across two main volumes that in turn further dissolve through formal and material strategies.The wood slat wrapper offers both surface shading and a sublimation of the volumes' solidity.In a way, the project echoes and communicates with the qualities of the ruins: excavated, partial, and layered.

ZHUANG Ziyu: In a new project next to a historic heritage, it is alwaysvery tricky to handle the relationship between the building and the heritage and to minimise their potential conflicts.

In the Volubilis Museum project in Morocco, the architect transforms the regular volume of the museum into a thick wall.Delineating the boundaries,the seemingly linear shape in turn enhances the dialogue with the ruins of the old town.

However, the overall planning strategy is not well implemented at the level of architectural space.The extended linear viewing space lacks visual interaction with the heritage site.The texture of the grills is not much related with the site context.The wall, which is a design motif, is separated from the programmes at the front of the volume, and thus fails to create more spatial changes through its "thickness" on the landscape.Also, it is hardly possible to achieve the design goal of "total disappearance" in the predictable long-term visual relations.Regrettably, these are some flaws of the project.(Translated by MU Zhuo'er)

17-19 局部/Detailed views