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B族鏈球菌預防性治療對妊娠晚期GBS檢測陽性孕婦母嬰結局的影響

2020-05-07 02:01:43楊東群盛霞玲周文娟
中國醫學創新 2020年5期

楊東群 盛霞玲 周文娟

【摘要】 目的:探討B族鏈球菌(group B streptococci,GBS)預防性治療對妊娠晚期GBS檢測陽性孕婦母嬰結局的影響。方法:選取本院2018年1-12月收治的妊娠晚期GBS檢測陽性者100例的臨床資料進行回顧性分析,根據是否進行GBS預防性治療分為對照組與研究組。50例未接受GBS預防性治療作為對照組,50例接受GBS預防性治療作為研究組。比較兩組新生兒結局、分娩情況,并分析早產兒中GBS感染情況。結果:研究組胎兒生長受限、新生兒窒息、胎兒窘迫及新生兒感染發生率均低于對照組(P<0.05);研究組胎膜早破、產后出血、產褥感染、剖宮產及早產發生率均低于對照組(P<0.05);≥34周且<37周早產兒GBS定植陽性率明顯低于<34周早產兒,且抗GBS莢膜多糖抗體水平明顯高于<34周早產兒(P<0.05)。結論:B族鏈球菌預防性治療能有效改善妊娠晚期GBS檢測陽性孕婦的母嬰結局,早產兒GBS感染陽性率及抗GBS莢膜多糖抗體水平與胎齡相關,應重視GBS檢測陽性孕婦分娩的早產兒GBS篩查,并及時給予治療。

【關鍵詞】 妊娠晚期 B族鏈球菌 預防性治療

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effect of group B streptococci (GBS) preventive treatment on maternal and infant outcomes of pregnant women with positive GBS test in the third trimester of pregnancy. Method: The clinical data of 100 cases of GBS positivity in the third trimester of pregnancy admitted to our hospital from January to December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into control group and research group according to whether treated with GBS preventive treatment in the first trimester of pregnancy. 50 cases did not receive GBS preventive treatment as control group, and 50 cases received GBS preventive treatment as research group. Neonatal and delivery outcome were compared between the two groups. GBS infection in premature infants was analyzed. Result: The incidence of fetal growth restriction, neonatal asphyxia, fetal distress and neonatal infection in the research group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of premature rupture of membranes, postpartum hemorrhage, puerperal infection, cesarean section and premature delivery in the research group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The positive rate of GBS colonization in preterm infants ≥34 weeks and <37 weeks was significantly lower than that in preterm infants <34 weeks, and the level of anti-GBS capsular polysaccharide antibody was significantly higher than that in preterm infants <34 weeks (P<0.05). Conclusion: Preventive treatment of GBS can effectively improve maternal and infant outcomes of pregnant women infected with GBS in the third trimester of pregnancy, the positive rate of GBS infection in premature infants and the level of anti-GBS capsulated polysaccharide antibody are related to gestational age, attention should be paid to GBS screening and timely treatment of premature infants delivered by pregnant women with GBS infection.

生殖系統遭受霉菌、衣原體、滴蟲等多種致病微生物的侵入后會出現生殖道感染疾病[1-2]。B族鏈球菌(group B streptococci,GBS)為革蘭陽性菌屬感染的細菌之一,感染者多為孕婦,妊娠期女性的泌尿系統感染、子宮內膜感染等多與GBS寄生其陰道、腸道或尿道中有著密切的聯系,對女性的身心健康及胎兒在子宮內的生長發育造成不利影響[3-4]。然而,我國長期GBS感染的治療方案及治療時機方面研究較少,且在國際上也存在較大的爭議[5]。本研究旨在探討B族鏈球菌預防性治療對妊娠晚期GBS檢驗陽性孕婦母嬰結局的影響,為臨床早期用藥提供參考依據,確保母嬰安全,現報道如下。

[6]鮑蘇青,劉小媚,王青.孕婦生殖道B族鏈球菌感染對母嬰預后影響的臨床研究[J].中華醫院感染學雜志,2015,25(2):430-432.

[7]尹悅,劉肖英,王靜嫻,等.孕婦生殖道B族鏈球菌感染與胎膜早破關系及其對母嬰預后的影響[J].廣州醫科大學學報,2016,44(6):45-47.

[8]王月麗.妊娠晚期孕婦生殖道B族鏈球菌感染對產婦分娩結局和新生兒預后的影響[J].抗感染藥學,2018,15(7):1164-1166.

[9]曹雪蓮.生殖道B族鏈球菌感染對妊娠晚期孕婦妊娠結局及新生兒的影響[J].中國醫學創新,2019,16(10):141-144.

[10]譚玉杰,海巨珺,王顥.妊娠晚期孕婦生殖道B族鏈球菌感染對母嬰預后的影響[J].中華醫院感染學雜志,2015,25(18):4279-4281.

[11]米陽,王艷霞,郭娜,等.孕婦生殖道B族鏈球菌感染對母兒預后的影響研究[J].中國婦幼保健,2015,30(7):1065-1066.

[12]馮艷.未足月胎膜早破合并下生殖道感染對母嬰結局的影響[J].中國婦幼保健,2015,30(9):1379-1380.

[13] Madrid L,Seale A C,Kohli-Lynch M,et al.Infant group B streptococcal disease incidence and serotypes worldwide:systematic review and meta-analyses[J].Clin Infect Dis,2017,65(Suppl 2):160-172.

[14]殷艷晶,劉愛平,肖鳳.妊娠晚期B族鏈球菌帶菌者預防性治療的臨床分析[J/OL].實用婦科內分泌雜志(電子版),2019,6(5):27.

[15] ChenJ,Fu J,Du W,et al.Group B streptococcal colonization in mothers and infants in western China:prevalence and risk factors[J].BMC Infect Dis,2018,18(1):291.

[16]劉婉文.早產兒B族鏈球菌帶菌情況研究[J].實用臨床醫藥雜志,2016,20(1):181-183.

[17]黃靜,林新祝,賴基棟,等.孕婦B族鏈球菌定植及其早產兒感染狀況的研究[J].中國當代兒科雜志,2019,21(6):567-572.

[18]褚利霞.妊娠晚期孕婦生殖道B族鏈球菌感染對母嬰預后影響[J].中國婦幼保健,2016,31(24):5361-5362.

[19]李超華,賈冬麗.早期藥物干預降低GBS帶菌孕婦胎膜早破、早產的效果分析[J].實用中西醫結合臨床,2018,18(10):95-96.

(收稿日期:2019-09-03) (本文編輯:田婧)

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